This study examined the effects of a brief performance of the childcare persons support program (Nishiyama, 2009) on 'human relations' childcare contents in a course for renewing teachers' licenses. This program aimed to bring about a positive change in recognizing the prospect of childcare persons for 'bringing about desired changes for children'. In particular, this program used diagnostic evaluations, setting of target action, and self monitoring. Nishiyama (2009; 2012) reported that this support program was effective in improving the efficacy of childcare persons in 'human relations' childcare contents. This study has verified the validity through giving the program to a temporary group, such as one taking a course for renewing teachers' licenses. This study clarified that, in spite of its simplicity, the support program effectively improved the efficacy of childcare persons. Finally, consideration based on the results was added from the viewpoint of childcare persons' support and future research topics were shown.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to find what aid would be effective and needed for victims by examining those who had received psychological aid after Hanshin-Awaji great earthquake. As a result of PAC analysis, a structured interview method, it was unveiled that the victims did not have positive feelings in making languages of experience when they were obliged to talk. However, they did not necessarily have negative feelings in writing even when compelled. The findings also revealed that it is important for victims to restore everydayness and to reduce loneliness with secured feelings aid providers give. Furthermore in the findings, there was a gap between the victims’ demand and the actual aid they received. Aid providers would need to acquire ways and knowledge of supporting affected people depending on their needs and situation.

View full abstract

This study investigated the effects co-sleeping at night has on children's attachment to parents and self-esteem, then examined how and until when co-sleeping should be done. A questionnaire survey was taken by 424 undergraduate and graduate students. As a result of analysis of variance, men who have the experience of co-sleeping and those who were lying next to their mother have a higher score of AMBIVALENT measure, although it is a tendency. And although it is a tendency, it was found that who stopped co-sleeping at up to 0-3 years old and those who stopped co-sleeping after being 6 years old have a higher score of AVOIDANT measure. About self-esteem, a sufficient result was not obtained. Among SECURE measure, AMBIVALENT measure and AVOIDANT measure sex differences appeared in the score. Though not related to the experience of co-sleeping, men have a higher score of SECURE measure than women, women have a higher score of AMBIVALENT measure than men, and men have a higher score of AVOIDANT measure than women.

View full abstract

It is becoming increasingly clear that some adults who may presently have a secure attachment style may have had an insecure attachment style in their infancy. In this study, we assumed that earned-secure people acquired a high resilience and secure attachment style through a sense of security offered by their significant other. Therefore, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to investigate relationships among resilience, attachment, and earned security of one woman. The results of the study showed that she derived a great sense of security from her significant other, and that she has high resilience.

View full abstract

This article explored characteristics of unreasonable and ideal guidance for acknowledging responsibilities, and examined the impact of unreasonable responsibility guidance in childhood on apology expressions. First, we distributed a qualitative questionnaire to 58 university students, and extracted 6 categories as experiences of unreasonable guidance for responsibility recognition, including “scolding based on misunderstanding and blind assumptions”. Eight categories were also extracted as experiences of ideal responsibility guidance, including “explanation of clear reasons.” Next, we constructed an “unreasonable responsibility guidance scale,” and distributed it to 112 university students, along with questions asking about the appropriateness of apology expressions of a case study. As a result of the t-test, people who had received unreasonable guidance showed positive evaluation on the apology expressions, such as “determination to commit suicide,” “declaration of leaving,” and “underestimation of responsibility”, and showed a negative evaluation on the apology expression, such as “explanation of the process of repentance”. A final discussion was made regarding the impact of unreasonable responsibility guidance on individual perspectives on apology.

View full abstract