Recently, dendritic cells- (DCs) based cancer vaccine incorporating different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to induce antitumor immune response against tumors have been tested in clinical trials worldwide. Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells and key regulation of T-cell immunity. And they also play a pivotal role on regulation of tumor-specific immune response. The clinical trials of DCs-based vaccine have been first reported in patients with malignant melanoma in 1996. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sipuleucel-T for the treatment of asymptomatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in April 2010.
So far, DCs have been pulsed with synthetic peptides derived from the known TAAs, tumor cell lysates, and tumor RNA. It is necessary to identify the TAAs in these strategies. However, numerous tumors have not been yet identified TAAs. It is thought that the vaccination of fusion cells generated by fusing DCs and whole tumor cells is efficient to enhance antitumor immune response against these tumors.
This paper reviews our strategies employed in the field of tumor/DC fusions vaccine aimed at enhancing activation of antitumor immune response. And also, we summarized the current status of anti-cancer immunotherapy against the patient with head and neck cancer.

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IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a systemic disease involving the dissemination of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells in numerous internal organs. The pancreas, bile duct, salivary glands, thyroid gland, and retroperitoneum are often permeated by IgG4-positive plasma cells, suggesting that sclerosing salivary glanditis such as Mikulicz's disease and Kuttner's tumor, autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and retroperitoneal fibrosis are assumed to be phenotypes of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Actually, half the number of our cases has developed autoimmune pancreatitis in their passage. Therefore, long term follow-up and careful check-up of whole body should be scheduled. And cooperation with other medical departments is important in diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related screlosing disease.

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Allergic diseases are complex inflammatory disorders caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The data from the HapMap project and the development of dense genotyping chips have enabled us to conduct genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a large number of samples. Systemic, well-powered, genome-wide surveys using GWAS have explored the relationship between SNPs and susceptibility to allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis and allergic rhinitis. Those susceptible loci implicated by GWAS contain IL33, TSLP, ILARL1 genes, which are located at the interface between innate immune sensing and regulation. The findings suggest central roles for innate immune pathways that promote the activation and differentiation of Th2 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Furthermore, susceptible loci contain genes encoding cytokine receptors, such as IL18R and IL2RB, and a specific marker of activated human Treg cells, LRRC32. Results of GWASs imply involvement of both epithelial barrier abnormalities and immunological features in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. To date, many epidemiologic and immunological studies have indicated that respiratory infections, proteinases of aeroallergens and epithelial damage by air pollutants can influence both the development and severity of allergic airway diseases. It has been reported that pathogen associated patterns or chemical danger signals are recognized by innate immune system receptors expressed by epithelial cells and activate Th2-type immune responses. Biologic insights from GWAS, epidemiological and immunological studies will continue to broaden our understanding of allergy and contribute to the development of better treatment and preventive strategies.

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