Five species in the genus Xiphinema, which were found in the Meiji Shrine Forest in Tokyo and at another site, are discussed and figured. They were associeted with various woody plant species. X. incognitum LAMBERTI et BLEVE-ZACHEO, which was originally described from specimens in England obtained from bonsai trees imported from Japan, appears to be native to Japan. Juveniles of X. chambersi THORNE, known so far only from North America, are described and the number of developmental stages of thisspecies was discussed. Additional information on the morphological variability of X. simillimum LooF et YASSIN, known so far only from Africa, X. bakeri WILLIAMS and X. insigne Loos is presented. The intraspecific variation and geographic distribution of these species are discussed. Jpn. J. Nematol. 12: 1-14 (1983)

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Gracilacus yokooi n. sp., which was found in the soil around mulberry roots is described and some observations on its ecology are presented. This species resembles G. acicula, which has been reported by Yokoo (1970) as Paratylenchus aciculus BROWN, 1959. It differs from G. acicula in having four lateral lines, swollen females, a more posterior location of the excretory pore, and relatively commonly occurring males. It is also closely related to G. ivorensis (Luc et DE GUIRAN), G. crenata CORBETT, and G. straeleni (DE CONINK), but can be distinguished from the first species by its longer spear and slender conoid tail shape which relatively invariant, from the second species by its shorter spear and more anterior vulva, and from the last species by its more posteriorly located vulva and smaller b-value. This species is parasitic on mulberry, and is distributed in Shikoku, Kyushu, and the southern half of Honshu. Populations of G. yokooi emerged in the soil in the middle spring, increased in the summer reaching a maximum in August, and then decreased in the fall. They were hardly found during the winter. The highest density of G. yokooi was detected in soil around mulberry roots 50cm deep. The second highest was at 80cm deep. Jpn. J. Nematol. 12: 15-20 (1983)

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The growth curve and egg-laying of parthenogenetic females of Rotylenchulus reniformis on potted tomato plants in the glasshouse were examined. Compared to the size of inoculation, female body size was slightly reduced during the two to four day period after inoculation. Growth of the total body length and width at the vulval region occurred in a stepwise fashion. The mean cross sectional area of the female body (immature) before inoculation was 2, 973μm² and increased in the typical sigmoid curve to reach a maximum of about 21, 500μm² on the 28th day. The average body length and width were 368μm and 15.5μm before inoculation, and 500μm and 114μm at the end of growth, respectively. The first secretion of a gelatinous matrix occurred on the 12th day and egglaying started on the 14th day. The number of eggs per egg-mass rapidly increased and attained a maximum of 57 eggs on the 30th day. Empty egg-shells were first observed 8 day after the onset of egg-laying.

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Female perineal pattern, male face view, and tail shape, tail length and face view of second-stage larvae of several populations of Meloidogyne mali were comparatively studied. The populations were collected from Misato (Nagano), Suginami (Tokyo), Aomori, Ibaraki, Tottori and Okayama. The nematodes were isolated from apple at Misato and mulberry at the other localities. Misato is located 60 km from the type locality of the species, which is Toyono (Nagano). The perineal pattern of all of the populations, except the Suginami population, was oval in outline with smooth and very fine striae. The pattern of the Suginami population was rather squarish in outline with much finer striae that were wavy in dorsal arch. Second stage larvae of all of the populations except the Suginami population had long slender tails (30-38μm) with slightly pointed terminus, while those of the Suginami population had shorter tails (24-31μm) with blunt and round tips. The male face view of the Misato population had an oval labial disc and the lateral lips were absent or obscure. The face view of the Suginami population had large, lozenge-shaped labial disc and clear lateral lips. The labial disc of second-stage larvae of the Misato population was oval and fused to the medial lips which were fused to the lateral lips in the same contour. The Suginami population had a round labial disc that was fused to the medial lips in the same contour forming a dumbellshape. Its lateral lips were never fused to the medial lips in the same contour. From these morphological differences, it was suggested that the Suginami population might be a species different from M. mali.

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Populatioin densities of adult females and 2nd-stage larvae of Meloidogyne camelliae on camellias (2 Camellia japonica and 2 C. sasanqua) were examined in a field at Sagamihara, Kanagawa, monthly for a year (January, 1980-January, 1981). There were differences in plant growth and nematode fauna among the four camellias, but population densities of M. camelliae on each camellia were remarkably high in the spring and autumn and were remarkably low in the summer and winter. Optimum temperature for reproduction of M. camelliae in the field seemed to be around 13-14°C. Host plants of M. camelliae were examined in a glasshouse. The following 4 species of plants were recognized as new hosts of M. camelliae: Eurya japonica (very favorable, as were Camellia japonica, C. sasanqua and Cleyera japonica), E. emarginata (favorable), Thea sinensis (moderate), and Trifolium repens (slightly unfavorable).

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Spherical cysts of Globodera nonparasitic on Irish potato and tobacco found in the potato growing area in 1976 at Shimabara, Nagasaki, Japan, were described as Globodera hypolysi n. sp. Inoculation tests have proved that mugwort, Artemisia princeps PAMP. is an only host of this species. This species differs from the related species, G. artemisiae or G. achilleae, which has a common host of mugwort or Compositae, in the distance from the anus to the fenestra in the cyst and female, length of the second-stage larvae, and the anterior face of the larval stylet knobs.

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