Ultrasonography is a safe, noninvasive, and accessible portable system. It has been used for diagnosis and the intraoperative evaluation of facial fractures. We have treated many patients with nasal bone fractures under real-time ultrasonographic observation, which revealed that the fractured nasal bone segments are unstable and often relapse after initial reduction. In these patients, we were able to recorrect the alignment of the nasal bone segments by intranasal gauze packing under real-time ultrasonography. Between April 2016 and October 2016, 23 nasal fracture patients were treated at our institution under real-time ultrasonographic observation during closed reduction and intranasal gauze packing. Surgical outcomes were subjectively evaluated three months after the operation by CT scan, and objectively by the degree of patient satisfaction. Nasal fracture was easily detected by ultrasonography in all patients. Seventeen patients exhibited relapse during operation, and intranasal gauze packing under real-time ultrasonography enabled correction of the fractured nasal bone segments. Objective outcomes were as follows: good：17 patients, fair：5 patients, and poor：1 patient. Subjective outcomes were as follows：good：20 patients, fair：3 patients, and poor：none. We achieved good results using real-time ultrasonography during intranasal gauze packing with closed reduction. As most nasal fractures relapse and are unstable after initial reduction, performing intranasal gauze packing under real-time ultrasonography may be useful for more precise and accurate reduction.

　　Although the concept of nasal valve obstruction（collapse）is gradually spreading in Asia, there is no objective evaluation method. As nasal obstruction evaluated by standard methods is considered normal, there are many patients who have not been evaluated appropriately and their nasal valve obstruction remains untreated. We propose a novel method for measuring nasal valve obstruction using computed tomography（CT）imaging. Two CT images of the nasal cavity are taken；one in the resting position and the other under forced inspiration. We measured the volume difference of the nasal cavity between the images with analysis software, and successfully quantified the difference in 8 patients（average：3.45 ml, range：1.05-8.86 ml）. This examination was relatively reproducible, and also helped to diagnose the position of the nasal valve collapse during operation. This study is the foundation of future studies using this method.

　　Bioabsorbable bone fixation plates that do not require plate removal have been applied clinically in recent years due to complications requiring plate removal such as foreign body reactions and metal accumulation in organs from conventional titanium plates.
　　We compared cases using LactoSorb^® and RapidSorb^®, which are bioabsorbable plates, and reported their differences in usage and postoperative course.
　　For 32 cases using LactoSorb^® and 20 cases using RapidSorb^®, medical records were used to compare the operation time, the amount of intraoperative bleeding, and the years of experience of the surgeon. We also compared the presence of surgical complications.
　　All surgeries were completed uneventfully. There was no significant difference between the LactoSorb^® group and the RapidSorb^® group in intraoperative bleeding, years of experience, operation time, or observation period after surgery. No postoperative complications were observed in both groups during the observation period.
　　Therefore, these two plate types were considered to be equivalent, with no differences even in the postoperative course.

　　Condylar fracture of the mandible is one of the most common fracture patterns among mandibular fracture types. Between 2006 and 2017, 105 patients（133 sides）were treated using an internal dynamic distraction device at our center. Among them, there were 3 patients with unintentional inappropriate fixation of the plate to the temporal bone anterior to the ear canal. We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative course, imaging findings, and complications, and analyzed the contributing factors leading to incorrect fixation. In all 3 patients, the plates were fixed at the same incorrect position. One postulation was that the operative surgeon had proceeded towards the dorsal direction, leading to the erroneous posterior fixation of the plate. This may have been due to the surgeons being overly cautious to avoid damaging the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Moreover, the position of the hands of the operative surgeons and the narrow operative field may both have led to such an error. In addition, the similarity of the bony structure around the temporomandibular joint may have been misleading and caused misidentification of the fixation point. Although the fixation plates were improperly placed, no adverse events developed and good results were obtained. In conclusion, this method is highly efficient for the management of condylar fracture of the mandible. However, surgeons should have detailed knowledge of the anatomy and perform the procedure carefully.

　　For surgery on the microtia, general carving knives that are not for medical purposes have been used to make the framework. However, they are dull and rust easily, and burnishing is necessary for repeated use. As such, the development of medical-use carving knives has been desired. We developed new knives to carve cartilage for medical purposes, which can be used for surgery on the microtia. Their blades are U- and V-shaped. They have sharp, corrosion-resistant, disposable blades. Although they are suitable for carving cartilage, they have not been distributed due to the small market. A method for distribution is needed.