This study involved a statistical survey of 507 patients（male: female ratio, 1:2.2）who were diagnosed with jaw deformity at the Department of Orthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital over the past 20 years（2002-2021）.
　　1．There was an annual increase in the number of patients diagnosed with jaw deformity. The number of diagnosed patients decreased temporarily as a result of COVID-19, followed by a reactionary increase. This suggests a significant social influence on the treatment of jaw deformity.
　　2．The mean patient age at the first visit was 23.8±8.1 years（range: 12-56 years）, and patients in their 50s were first seen in 2015.
　　3．Approximately half（47.9%）of the patients with missing teeth had missing molars.
　　4．Among patients with jaw deformity, 69.0% had mandibular prognathism.
　　5．The most common extraction site in presurgical orthodontic treatment was the bilateral maxillary premolars. Compared with before 2014, more bilateral premolar extractions were performed after 2014, involving both the maxilla and mandible. Among patients with mandibular prognathism, the proportion of bilateral first and second premolar extractions increased after 2014, involving both the upper and lower jaws. These findings suggest that approval of orthodontic anchor screw use in 2014 for insurance coverage influenced the selection of extraction sites in patients with mandibular prognathism.

　　Some plastic surgical procedures for children are associated with severe pain; thus, continuous intravenous narcotics have been widely used in recent years to facilitate postoperative analgesia. Droperidol is frequently used to control nausea and vomiting caused by narcotics, but is known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms（EPS）in young patients. In the present study, we encountered a case of microtia in which EPS developed after the administration of droperidol.
　　Rib cartilage grafting was performed for an 11-year-old girl with microtia. The patient received the continuous intravenous administration of a mixed dose of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia and droperidol for anti-nausea; however, the following morning she developed conjugate deviation, torticollis, and somnolence symptoms. Examinations revealed no abnormalities, and EPS due to droperidol was suspected. Fentanyl and droperidol were discontinued and the patient was treated with intravenous biperiden.
　　Plastic surgeons who perform surgeries that may lead to severe pain should be aware that antidopamine receptor antagonists can cause EPS, especially in young patients. If EPS develop, the offending drug should be discontinued immediately. A serotonin receptor antagonist can be used as an alternative to droperidol, or the dose of narcotics can be reduced using acetaminophen, epidural anesthesia, or other drugs.

　　Congenital lymphangiopathies are benign lesions caused by hyperplasia and dilation of lymphatic vessels resulting from abnormal lymphatic formation. Microcystic lymphatic malformations are common on the tongue and other parts of the body and cause a number of disorders, such as macroglossia, eating disorders, dysphonia, hemorrhage, and malocclusion. In this article, we describe the successful treatment of a case of severe open bite and mandibular deformity due to macroglossia secondary to abnormal lymphatic proliferation from child- to adulthood, involving multiple tongue reductions and mandibular osteotomies. Here, we present the case and report on our patient’s treatment experience along with some discussion.

　　To date, there have been no reports of cases in which bone lengthening after Le Fort Ⅲ or Ⅳ osteotomies has caused defects involving the anterior skull base.
　　We performed Le Fort type Ⅲ + orbital rim osteotomy for bone lengthening to improve inferior maxillary growth and eyeball protrusion in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.
　　About three years later, the patient developed the serious complication of meningitis.
　　The cause was considered to be a defect in the anterior cranial floor due to extension of part of the anterior cranial floor during bone lengthening after Le Fort type Ⅲ osteotomy.

　　Gangrene in the head and neck region is very rare, but patients with diabetes mellitus or diseases that cause immune dysfunction may develop necrotizing fasciitis via dental maxillitis or other conditions. A 43-year-old man with untreated diabetes mellitus was urgently admitted to the hospital for dental maxillitis and ketoacidosis, and was referred for plastic surgery due to rapidly spreading gangrene on the right side of his face. Bacterial cultures were positive for Candida albicans and rapid debridement was impossible due to subsequent cerebellar hemorrhage and the presence of a brain abscess and pulmonary pyogenic disease. Fortunately, his general condition improved with conservative treatment and he returned to a normal life after more than 10 subsequent surgeries. Although the treatment requires a multidisciplinary team and early medical and surgical intervention, the timing of surgical intervention can be difficult due to unexpected complications or deterioration of a patient’s general condition.

　　Most traumatic foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region are removed at an early stage. However, inorganic foreign bodies such as glass and metal may remain for a long period of time. In this report, we describe two cases in which foreign bodies were embedded for more than 50 years. Case 1 involved a 58-year-old woman who, when she was about 5 years old, fell down some stairs and cut her left cheek on a glass door. On plain radiographs and CT, foreign bodies were identified under the skin of the left mandibular angle and from the anterior wall of the left maxilla to sinus. 3D-CT, such as MIP and VR, was useful for diagnosis, and the patient underwent excisional surgery. Case 2 involved an 80-year-old man who consulted our hospital because a piece of metal had become lodged in his right cheek during a work accident in his 20s and had remained there until a part of it became exposed through the skin two weeks earlier. The metal fragment was removed along with surrounding fibrous granulation tissue. It is rare for a traumatic foreign body to be reported as a case of long-term retention for more than 40 years.