【Purpose】 This study evaluates the usefulness of pictograms used in Pueraria mirifica leaflets that preventatively convey food safety hazards to consumers. 【Methods】 We randomly allocated eligible subjects （n=1200）to two equal groups （group A or group B） based on the presence or absence of leaflet pictograms in December, 2020. As inappropriate responses were confirmed in 9 subjects （A: 6 subjects, B: 3 subjects）, we analyzed responses from the remaining 1191 subjects （A: 594, B: 597）, making this the per protocol set. These 1191 subjects accessed the leaflet online and located and clicked on the area corresponding to each of the six survey questions about food safety. The mean time required to access the leaflet’s target information was the primary difference between the groups as estimated through an unpaired t-test. The secondary outcome was determining the relationship between correctly locating the information and the presence or absence of a pictogram evaluated by using a chi-square test. 【Results】 There was no difference in the two groups’ demographic background. However, the mean access time between the two groups differed significantly for the pictogram depicting people requiring assistance （A: 22.9 s and B: 27. 4 s; p =.002）. We found a significant association between the rate of correct responses and pictograms only for this pictogram （A: 58. 8 % and B: 49. 1 %; p =.001）. When stratified by sex and age, the results were similar to the above for female subjects younger than 60 years of age. 【Conclusion】 Pictograms used in food safety information　for consumers can ensure the effective food risk communication.

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【Aim】 To clarify the characteristics of each Frail category using the medical examinations and to disclose the　magnitude （odds ratio） of the effect of each Frail category on death according to age groups. 【Methods】 A total of 9,218 people who underwent a city medical examination answered the KIHON checklist in 2011 in Yamato City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Based on the Frail classification, the subjects were divided into 3 groups （healthy / pre-frail / frail）. The associations between frail and death were investigated considering background factors. Furthermore, the cause of death in each Frail was compared and examined among age group. 【Results】 The odds ratio （vs healthy） pre-frail and frail for death was 1. 50（1.03 – 2.20）and 2.17（1.28 – 3.66）in the early-stage elderly group, and 1.69（1.17 – 2.43）and 1.22（0.88 – 1. 69）in the late-stage elderly group. In addition, the cause of death in individuals with Frail was significantly higher, which was caused primarily by the cancer（66.7 %）, in the early-stage elderly, whereas this tendency was not found in the late-stage elderly. 【Conclusion】 The association between frailty and death, which was mostly caused by cancer, was pronounced particularly in the early-stage elderly, but not the late-stage elderly. It was considered that there was no significant difference in physical function from the healthy elderly in the frail, especially the pre-frail.

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【Objective】　A cross-sectional study examined the relationship between obesity and speed-eating among workers, university students and diabetics has been previously reported. However,　as far as,　to the best of our knowledge no cross-sectional study among evening high school students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between obesity and speed-eating in a cross-sectional among evening high school students. 【Method】 In 2015，we conducted a survey using self-administered questionnaires on lifestyle and eating habits in 2,520 evening high-school students（1,861 men and 659 women）. Obesity and speed-eating were defined as a body mass index ≧ ≧ ≧25kg/㎡ and a self-reported response of " fast" to the question "which is your speed for eating?", respectively. The odds ratio for obesity was estimated by logistic regression analysis. 【Results】 The prevalence of obesity and speed-eating was 14.9 % and 29.6 % for men and 9.4 % and 22.5 % for women, respectively. The age（18 years old or higher） adjusted odds ratio of speed-eating for obesity was 1.69 （95 % confidence interval 1.30，2.21）for men and 2.55（1.47，4.40）for women. Further, odds-ratios adjusted for employment status, physical activity levels, eating until full, skipping breakfast, and frequency of fast-food consumption were 1.70（1.25，2.30）for men and 2.78（1.51，5.11）for women. 【Conclusion】 Obesity may be associated with speed-eating in evening high school students.

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