In spite of recent progress in blood transfusion, many caces of dangerous transfusions are being reported, and the need for elucidating the causes and management of such cases is an urgent problem. The authors have recently experienced a serious case of inccmpatible transfufion, 230 cc of group A blood to group O patient, due to the error in crossmatching, and the details of the symptoms which appeard in this patient are here reported.
1) The first sign was a copious hemorrhage, which may be regarded as the danger signal under general anesthesia, due to the depression in the prothrombin content of the blood.
2) Following the transfusion the agglutinin titer of the patient's serum showed a marked elevation.
3) Hepatic and renal disturbances were slight and transient.
4) The severity of the reactions following in-compatible transfusion appears to be influenced by the serum agglutinin titer of the recipient as well as by the extent to which the transfused erythrocytes are agglutinated, in addition to the amount of blood transfused.
5) Of the 34 cases of incompatible transfusion found in Japanese literatures, 19 were group O patients to whom 12 instances receiving group A bloods. This suggests that a special precaution must be taken when transfusing group A blood.

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A survey was carried out concerning the operation of blood banks and transfusion services in Osaka Prefecture and discussed from the statistical point of view.
Results revealed the majority of physicians to be inconsiderate concerning the transfusion and adequate care and attention seem to be lacking in the process of both blood collection and its administration to the patient.
Though these results do not permit any hasty conclusions as to the short coming in the conduct of transfusion therapy, it is important that measures be taken to safeguard the donor and facilities be provided enabling close observations on the circulatory condition and water balance of the patient.

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