The same survey was done in 1995 at the same spots in the same periods with those in 1994 in order to investigate the reliability of data. The results were obtained with stability. The correlation coefficient between mean value of track density in 1994 and that in 1995 was 0.807. The significant difference was not found between track density in 1994 and that in 1995 too. Refer to the paper of the same title in Journal of the Japanese Wildlife Research Society No. 21.

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On 21 November 1995, a woodcutter felled a Japanese Ceder tree (Cryptomeria japonica) with a cavity containing three young of the Japanese flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga) which were captured. The nest tree was located in Kamitonokuchi (135°15'E, 35° 58'N), Sabae City, Fukui Prefecture, in a ceder plantation at an elevation of about 140m. Young were two females (F1, F2) and one male (M1). At the time captured, the eyes of two young (F1, M1) were open previously, and another one (F2) opened her eyes two days later (23, November). In captive Eurasian flying squirrel (Hokkaido subspecies) P. volans orii, young first opened their eyes at about 35 days: assuming that these young were born in mid-October. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the late fall breeding of P. momonga. Present and some past records of breeding suggest that P. momonga has two distinct annual birth periods. The mean weights and linear measurements of these young P. momonga were consistently larger than those of P. volans orii at the same stage. Especially, hind foot length of young P. momonga was longer than that of adult P. volans orii. For a period of several days (5-7 days) after eyes opened, a young P. momonga emitted low-frequency calls continually, on being removed from a nest. Sound characteristics of young P. momonga were generally similar to those of young P. volans orii. Thus, this sound may induce mother to search for and retrieve her young as well as P. volans orii. The diploid chromosome number (2n) of P. momonga examined in this study was 38 and was identical to that of P. volans orii, however, the karyotypes of two species differed slightly in the chromosome constitutions. In addition, it has presented so far that No.17 chromosome of P. volans orii carried a typical satellite on its short arm, while a conspicuous secondary constriction instead of the satellite was observed on the long arm of No.5 chromosome of P. momonga.

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The corpse of the female brown bear Ursus aretos (nicknamed Keiko) which the authors had been observing in her ecology every year from 1980 through to 1992, without using a collar telemetry, was found in the center part of her home range in the Daisetsuzan mountains on August the 23rd, 1995. Our last observation of her was on September the 21st 1992, with a 7 month old cub, near the place where her corpse was found. The corpse was composed of bones, without the forelimbs and all soft tissue including fur. The body had been seperated into two sections, severed between the 3rd and 4th lumber vertebra. The two sections were found 5 meters apart. It was supposed all the soft tissue including fur, forelimbs some ribs and so on were eaten by carnivoras, such as foxes and bears. The bear's age was estimated to be 31 years old from the annual layers formed in the bear's tooth cement (M^-_1). From the evidence it was estimated that her death occurred late autumn 1993, as the outermost cement layer was a completed summer layer. Also, from tooth cement analysis it was assesed that her health had been good, because the formation of all the cement layers were very consistent throughout her life. She gave birth fives from 1980 through to 1993 and successfully brought up seven cubs.

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The Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula was censused along one to three 2-km transects (a total of 334 transects) situated in 308 quadrats ( 5×5 km) in south-eastern Hokkaido from late April to mid-July, 1976-1995. Based on the line transects census data and the records from literature or those obtained in previous survey, Bullfinches occurred in various types of forests of mountainous area such as Hidaka Mountains, Daisetsu Mountains and Akan National Park mainly 600 m and over above sea level. Lower limits of vertical distribution were lower in eastern parts than in western parts. Of 334 transects censused, Bullfinches were recorded in 56% of Pinus pumila forests, 86% of ever-green coniferous forests, 39% of mixed forests, 30% of deciduous broad-leaved forests, 8 % of larch plantations.

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A survey of the seasonal movement of the population of five species of ticks lxodidae collected from both wild brown bears Ursus arctos and their habitat yeilded the following results The smallest population of ticks except winter in both areas (on both the bears and in their habitat) was found to be in August due to dormancy under high temperatures. This was in common with all the five species. Ixodes ovatus population composed of only adults in both areas changed synchronously. Haemaphysalis megaspinosa population in both areas showed a lag of one month, because of the low prevalence of nymphs on the bears. However, there was found on abundent occurrence of nymphs and larvae in the bears habitat. The other three species (H. japonica, H. flava, I. persulcatus) in both areas changed irregularly because of the differences of developmental stages of ticks which compose each population and because of the prevalence of them to bears, respectiverly.

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