A study was made of important factors in analyzing the base content, i.e., acid neutralization capacity, of additive concentrates used to compound highly basic lubricants and of the lubricants themselves. It was found that the standard analytical method now in general use for determining base content of petroleum products, ASTM D 664-58 (corresponding methods, (British) IP-177/64 and (Japanese) JIS K 2502), is not entirely satisfactory.
The principal disadvantages of the ASTM D 664 method are as follows: (1) With some complex additives, the results give a significantly false measure of the base that neutralizes strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, which are produced during normal diesel engine operation; (2) lengthy titration times are required to get reproducible results; and (3) the end point is often difficult to determine.
The use of a back titration as a modification of the ASTM D 664 method overcomes some of these difficulties, but unreliable results can still be obtained. The use of mechanical titrimeters likewise can lead to erroneous "ASTM D 664" results.
The use of sulfuric acid in place of the hydrochloric acid specified in the ASTM D 664 method can give reliable results but has the disadvantages of long titration times and unclear end points.
The method found to be most satisfactory in this study is based on a perchloric acid titration in glacial acetic acid solvent.
This method is rapid, provides sharp end points, and gives measured base numbers that are essentially identical with the theoretical values.
The base content as measured by the perchloric acid method was shown to give better correlation with measured wear in laboratory diesel engine tests than did the base content as measured by the ASTM D 664 method. The perchloric acid method is recommended.

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The indirect titration using the Karl Fischer reagent was applied in the determination of trace water in grease. 20∼30ml of insulating oil was placed in the round bottomed flask with gas inlet tube and gas outlet tube, and heated to 120∼140°C, and about 5g of sample was added and suspended in the insulating oil.
Then dry nitrogen is passed continuously through the round bottomed flask at the rate of 0.3l per minute.
The moisture included in nitrogen is absorbed in the mixture of methanol and ethyleneglycol and titrated with Karl Fischer reagent.
The trace water in the cup-grease was exactly determined with deviation less than ±0.001% (below 0.05mg as water) in 15∼30 minute. It takes a slightly longer time to titrate the water in the fiber-, the graphite-, and the aluminum-grease than that of the cup-grease, and their end points of are not sharp. Comparing Karl Fischer method with distillation method, Karl Fischer method showed a higher value than the distillation method.
It was recognized that even the trace water, which is not determined by distillation method, can be determined exactly by the Karl Fischer method.

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We summarized the correlation of air pollution data and meteorological data (especially about inversion of atmospheric temperature, wind velocity and wind direction) in Negishi area.
We determined the change of sulfur-oxides concentration of every day and every season, and reffered to effects of the social activity and the inversion of atmospheric temperature.
When N or NNE wind blows, Negishi area is polluted, therefore, we suggest that the source of pollution should be in Keihin heavy chemical industry area.

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The vapour phase reaction of isobutyraldehyde with ammonia in the presence of alumina modified with alkali at 350∼500°C has been studied by a flow method.
Catalytic activity of NaOH-Al₂O₃ increases with the increasing amount of NaOH up to 3.0m mol NaOH/g Al₂O₃ and decreases thereafter. In the optimum condition, in which ammonia and isobutyraldehyde are reacted at the mole ratio of 2:1 in the presence of 2-3m mol NaOH/g Al₂O₃ at 410∼430°C for about 10 seconds of contact time, 93∼96% of isobutyronitrile, 1∼2% of methacrylonitrile and 1∼2% of by-products (mainly heteroaromatic compounds) are formed. The catalyst can be easily regenerated by heating with air. The activity of modifiers of alumina is in the order of NaCl<LiOH≤none<Ca(OH)₂<NaOH<KOH>CsOH>RbOH>none.

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