Significance of senior volunteers through reading picture books aloud to children at preschool childcare and educational facilities was examined. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven senior volunteers, mainly on the following topics: （1） reasons for starting the activity, （2） their approach to conducting the activity, and（ 3） their feelings about the activity. The results indicated that picture book reading activity to children in preschool childcare and educational facilities was lifelong learning for senior volunteers and encouraged them to achieve their tasks throughout their life. Moreover, the process of playing a special role through visiting childcare facilities from outside with a sense of responsibility facilitated generativity, such as passing down good picture books from generation to generation. Interactions with children provided senior volunteers with joy, pleasure, and motivation to live. The self-efficacy obtained by playing the role was considered to result in the integration of life from the perspective of lifespan development. Furthermore, it was suggested that cooperation with children and other members conducting the activity together, which was mediated by picture books was important for development of senior volunteers through reading picture books to children.

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The purpose of this study was to construct the hypotheses of the relationship between father and mother’s marital satisfaction and abuse anxiety during 2-3 years after birth, whose child was the second or first child. Survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 pairs of father and mother. M-GTA was used to analyze the second child and first child each. The result showed that there were 13 concepts and 4 categories for the second child, while there were 11 concepts and 4 categories for the first child. The second child’s fathers and mothers were parenting on the axis of «marital satisfaction» affected by «the cognition about the share of parenting and housework with partner» and «how to angry (scold) their child», and it is related to «abuse anxiety». Thus, it may be needed for the second child’s fathers and mothers to approach to their marital satisfaction to support their abuse anxiety. By the contrast, it was suggested that, for the first child’s parents, «marital satisfaction» (marital relationship) affected by «the cognition about the share of parenting and housework with partner» and «abuse anxiety» (parenting) were not integrated. It means that the first child’s fathers and mothers get their marital relationship and parenting independently yet, so it is needed to approach to one by one to understand their abuse anxiety.

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