[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Host-selective toxins are low molecular weight compounds and possess selective toxicities to particular cultivars or species of certain host plants. The selective toxicity of host-selective toxins is correlated with pathogenicity of the toxin producers, and host selective toxins are demonstrated as the disease determinant factor. Pathogens of Alternaria leaf spot of rough lemon and Alternaria brown spot of tangerines are Alternaria alternata producing different host-selective toxins, ACR-toxin and ACT-toxin. Despite the morphological similarity of A. alternata, these pathogens are possible to distinguish by determination of production of either toxin and comparing their host ranges in various citrus cultivars. Citrus is one of the major fruit trees planted around the world, however little is known about molecular basis for understanding the defense and stress responses against various exogenous factors. This review focuses on an overview of recent progress of researches on the mechanisms of specificity system in interactions of citrus cultivar rough lemon and A. alternata.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is a surface-sensitive mass spectrometric technique with high mass resolution and provides chemical information about the surface of a solid sample without any chemical pretreatments. A significant advantage of TOF-SIMS over other techniques is its ability to obtain mass spectral imaging, which allows the direct location of the molecular or fragment ions of interest at a cellular level with submicrometer spatial resolution in biological samples. In this paper, we describe the current state of the art of TOF-SIMS in biological samples, and focus on the applications in chemistry of plant cell walls including lignin, heartwood extractives, and paper chemistry.

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[in Japanese]

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