BACKGROUND： Abnormal adipokine production and secretion induced by adipose tissue insulin resistance（Adipo-IR） may be associated with the accumulation of hepatic fat. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Adipo-IR and adipokine levels on the accumulation of hepatic fat. METHODS： This was a cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 65 of the 94 participants in the community-based life improvement intervention. Based on Adipo-IR, participants were divided into two groups: high Adipo-IR and low Adipo-IR groups. Participant characteristics, blood metabolites related to metabolic disorders, and blood adipokine levels（adiponectin, leptin, and fatty acid binding protein 4（FABP4）） were measured. Adipo-IR was assessed by multiplying free fatty acid and insulin concentrations. The accumulation of hepatic fat was assessed using the fatty liver index（FLI）. RESULTS： FLI was significantly higher in the high Adipo-IR group than in the low Adipo-IR group（p < 0.05）. Adipo-IR was significantly positively correlated with FLI（p < 0.05）. Moreover, Adipo-IR and FLI were significantly correlated with adipokine levels（p < 0.05）. In multiple regression analysis, leptin and FABP4 levels, not Adipo-IR, were independent variables of FLI. CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that abnormal adipokine production and secretion induced by Adipo-IR are involved in the accumulation of hepatic fat.

BACKGROUND： Childbirth and parenthood induce lessened parental physical activity; however, this period of inactivity remains undetermined. Moreover, few studies have evaluated males. OBJECTIVE：Consequently, in this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the sufficiency of the World Health Organization’s（WHO’s） 2020 guidelines on physical activity for adults, particularly focusing on their youngest child’s age. METHODS：Using the 2020 Sasakawa Sports Foundation Sports-Life Survey, 847 adults, residing with their children aged 0-17-years-old, were included in the analysis. The adults’ factors included age; body mass index; marital status; city size; number of children; age of the youngest child; occupation; highest level of education; annual household income; subjective health; and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire score. We assessed whether the WHO guidelines had been met, examining the correlation thereof with the youngest child’s age, using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS：Of the 847 adults, 433 and 414 were male and female, respectively. The odds ratios［95% confidence intervals］ for meeting the WHO guidelines were statistically significantly higher for male with children aged 6-8 - （2.99［1.46-6.11］）, 9-11 - （2.34［1.00-5.50］）, and 15-17-years-old（2.85［1.14-7.11］）, and for female with children aged 3-5 - （2.12［1.06-4.26］） and 6-8-years-old（2.71［1.17-6.29］）, compared to those living with children aged 0-2-years-old. Domain-specific analyses revealed no statistically significant correlations with any of the domains for male, and a statistically significant correlation with leisure time for female. CONCLUSION：The probability of meeting the WHO guidelines increased when the youngest child was aged 6-8-, 9-11-, and 15-17-years-old for male; and 3-5-and 6-8-years-old for female.

BACKGROUND：Patients with Crohn’s disease（CD）must deal with fatigue after disease onset. In Japan, only a few studies have investigated the specific conditions of patients and factors associated with fatigue. OBJECTIVE：This study aimed to investigate fatigue experienced by patients with CD and its contributing factors. METHODS：A questionnaire was administered to outpatients with CD aged 20‒59 years at the Tokyo Yamate Medical Center. Fatigue levels were assessed using a self-diagnostic checklist and subjective fatigue was assessed using a visual analog scale. Other questionnaire items included the CD Activity Index（CDAI）, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between fatigue and each index were calculated for all participants, as well as stratified by sex and disease activity. RESULTS：We assessed 91 patients（73 men and 18 women）. The self-assessment fatigue checklist revealed that the physical, mental, overall, and subjective fatigue rates were 36.3%, 48.4%, 51.6%, and 48.1%, respectively. We found significant correlations between subjective fatigue and age, C-reactive protein（CRP）and albumin levels, CDAI, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and moderate-to vigorous physical activity（MVPA）. Correlations between subjective fatigue were found for CRP, albumin levels, CDAI, anxiety, sleep quality, and MVPA in men and anxiety, depression, sleep duration, and sleep quality in women. Based on disease activity, correlations were found for age, CRP, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and MVPA in the remission group and only for sleep quality in the relapse group. CONCLUSION：Approximately 50% of the patients experienced fatigue. These results suggest that subjective fatigue factors differ according to sex and disease activity.

BACKGROUND： In 2021, a survey of members of a health promotion facility in Tomi City, Nagano Prefecture, assessed 48% as pre-frail or frail, suggesting that there is room for measures to prevent and improve frailty. OBJECTIVE： In addition to physical activity and social participation, nutritional initiatives may also be effective in preventing frailty. The aim of this practical activity was therefore to conduct a nutrition class aimed at preventing frailty. The program was designed incorporating behavioral science theories and techniques. This activity report describes the program content and evaluation results with the aim of providing a reference for practitioners in this field. METHODS： Participants were recruited from members aged 65 years or older at a health promotion facility in Tomi City, Nagano Prefecture. A pre-survey was conducted in the first session and a post-survey in the sixth session to measure changes after six nutrition classes conducted from July to September 2022. Dietary diversity was measured using a dietary variety score（DVS） for 10 food groups（meat, seafood, eggs, soya and soya products, milk, green and yellow vegetables, seaweed, potatoes, fruit and oil-based dishes）, with ‘almost daily consumption’ as 1 for each group. RESULTS： Responses from 17 participants（3 males and 14 females） were included in the analysis. The DVS increased significantly from 7.24（SD = 2.05） before the class to 8.35（SD = 1.66） after the class（p = 0.036）. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that nutrition classes may improve DVS among community-dwelling older adults in health promotion facilities.