BACKGROUND：It has been pointed out that children’s eating habits, such as skipping breakfast, unbalanced diet, and lonely eating, aff ect the physical and mental health of children. OBJECTIVE：The purpose of this study was to examine the eff ects of dietary habits and food environments among children and their parents’ dietary habits on changes in the children’s quality of life （QOL） after one year. METHODS：Two surveys were conducted among 91 children in grade 5 and 90 of their parents at an elementary school in Fukuoka in October‒November 2017 and October 2018. The participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire containing questions about their dietary habits and food environment. A validated Japanese version of the KINDLR was used for QOL measurement. RESULTS：According to the baseline survey, there were significant associations between daily breakfast consumption and QOL scores among children. Children who frequently consumed breakfast at baseline exhibited a maintained or elevated QOL after one year. The kappa value for the consistency in breakfast consumption frequency between children and their parents was 0.44 （moderate consistency）. The frequency of breakfast consumption among their parents had tendency to changes in the children’s QOL after one year. CONCLUSION：Daily breakfast consumption is benefi cial to maintaining or increasing children’s QOL. Moreover, the dietary habits of their parents who consume breakfast daily are also important for maintaining or increasing children’s QOL.

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BACKGROUND：Stress urinary incontinence （SUI） is a common health problem aff ecting women with a wide range of age. Although the pelvic fl oor muscles （PFM） exercise is the highly recommended fi rst-line treatment for SUI, its adherence is low. Recently, urinary incontinence is reported to have an association with high pelvic fl oor stiff ness. A PFM massage, more feasible than the PFM exercise, may have a positive eff ect on urinary incontinence symptoms. However, there are no previous studies published. OBJECTIVE：This study examined the eff ects of self-massage （SM） to PFM on symptom of SUI among younger and middle-aged women. METHODS：Multiple baseline design （N-of1 trial） was utilized. After 2 or more-weeks control period, all participants （N=34） were asked to conduct SM to PFM once a day, 5 days a week, for 6-9 weeks. All instructions and survey were conducted via web and e-mails. As a primary outcome, self-reported symptoms of urinary incontinence were examined with International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form （ICIQ-SF） at the beginning of research, and baseline, every two weeks during and after intervention. For single case design, Percentage of Non-overlapping Data （PND） was calculated. Friedman's test was performed for the pre-post single arm design. RESULTS：About 35% of participants visually improved ICIQ-SF score after intervention period （PND ≥ 70%） whereas 65% showed no or deleterious change （PND < 70%）. Median ICIQ-SF scores were signifi cantly increased after control period and signifi cantly decreased over time during intervention period. CONCLUSION：The present fi ndings suggest the SM to PFM may be conducted safely and feasibly, and have some possibilities to improve symptom of SUI.

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Objective：The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the measurement values of whole-body reaction time, and the association between the measurement values for the center of pressure （COP） in static standing posture and the measurement values of whole-body reaction time in Japanese preschool children. Methods： Subjects were 138 preschool children （70 boys, 68 girls）aged 5 to 6 who were enrolled in two kindergartens in Osaka prefecture. The measurement values of whole-body reaction time calculated using a T.K.K. 5408 （Takei Corporation, Niigata）. The measurement values of COP estimated Total Locus Length （LNG） and Environment Area （Env. Area） measured while children stood closed foot for 30 seconds under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions using Gravicorder GS-7 （ANIMA Corporation, Tokyo）. Results：Intra-class correlation coeffi cients （ICC） for whole-body reaction time measurement values were above 0.7 for 5-year-olds of both sexes and 6-year-old boys. Signifi cant correlations were found between the measurement values of the environment area with eyes closed and the measurement values of whole-body reaction time in both 6-year-old boys and girls （boys: r=0.350, p=0.020; girls: r=0.378, p=0.013）. Conclusion：The average values of whole-body reaction time calculated in three trials, excluding the maximum and minimum of fi ve trials, demonstrated the statistical reliability of this study. We suggested that maintaining standing posture develops both vestibular and somatosensory sensations, which are stronger than visual sensation, and an association between the coordination of voluntary movements in 6-year-old boys and girls.

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BACKGROUND：Fatty acid binding protein 4（FABP4）is one of adipokines. Blood FABP4 concentration is associated with cardiovascular diseases risk factors. OBJECTIVE：The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between change in fatty acid binding 4 concentration and cardiovascular diseases risk factors after weight loss by combined dietary restriction and exercise in adults. METHODS：Thirty-two men and women participated in 3-months or 6-months weight loss program. The program consisted of dietary restriction and exercise. Body composition（body weight and fat mass）, cardiovascular diseases risk factors（blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol［HDLC］, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides［TG］and fasting plasma glucose［FPG］）, adipokines（FABP4, adiponectin［ADPN］, leptin［LP］, and interleukin-6［IL-6］） were measured before and after the program. RESULTS：Body weight and fat mass signifi cantly decreased by 3.6 kg and 2.7 kg, respectively after the program. HDLC and TG concentration also signifi cantly improved after the program. Signifi cant improvements in ADPN, LP, and FABP4 concentration were observed. Changes in FABP4 concentration was positively correlated with change in FPG （r =0.632，q =0.066）. Moreover, change in ADPN were signifi cantly positively correlated with change in HDL concentration （r =0.758, q =0.015）. CONCLUSION：These fi ndings suggest that weight loss-induced change in FABP4 concentration plays an important factor to improve cardiovascular diseases risk factors.

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BACKGROUND：Enjoyment, realization of benefi ts, and interaction with peers are important factors in continuing exercise. Although rhythm synchro exercise is designed to incorporate nudges into the program to elicit enjoyment, the enjoyment felt by participants in response to the rhythm synchro exercise program and the effects of implementing the program have not been verifi ed. OBJECTIVE：This study aimed to subjective changes felt by participants of performing rhythm synchro exercise and the factors that promote enjoyment. METHODS：Thirteen elderly people, who participated in a rhythm synchro exercise class for three months, were interviewed individually to determine the factors promoting enjoyment and subjective changes through the class. RESULTS：A categorical analysis of the interview content showed that enjoyment was promoted by four factors: program component, psychological factors, social factors, and environmental factors. Subjective changes were summarized by six factors: psychological changes, physical changes, environmental adaptation, social changes, cognitive changes, and changes in daily life. CONCLUSION：The results suggested that rhythm synchro exercise incorporating nudges may be a program with respect to fun and exercise continuation.

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