BACKGROUND：In Japan, vegetable intake consistently falls below the recommended 350 g/d by Health Japan 21. A device, "VEGE CHECK," was developed to encourage better vegetable intake, which non-invasively estimates vegetable consumption through skin carotenoid measurements. This self-monitoring device is expected to improve vegetable intake. OBJECTIVE：This study identified cognitive biases related to voluntary device use. METHODS：We placed the device in two supermarkets, interviewing subjects on Sundays and Mondays about device awareness, usage, and reasons for use or non-use. To determine which stage of the behavioral model is affected by biases, we summarized identified biases based on the AIDA（Attention-Interest-Desire-Action）model. RESULTS：Among 554 subjects, 39.4% and 17.0% of the subjects noticed the device placed in and out of their line of sight, respectively. Half of those who noticed the device used it, especially when someone accompanied them. The main reasons for use were “interest in vegetable intake”（52.5%）and “interest in the device and measurement”（30.0%）. Reasons for non-use included competing priorities like shopping or childcare（26.3%）and avoiding lines when others used it（21.1%）. We identified the non-attentional blindness bias that inhibits use in the Attention stage, the conformity and altruism biases that promote use the ambiguity aversion, overconfidence, and optimism biases that inhibit use in the Interest stage, and the Status Quo bias that inhibits use in the Desire stage. CONCLUSION：We have identified cognitive biases that promote/inhibit voluntary use of the device. Subsequent field experiments are necessary to develop nudges that address these cognitive biases effectively.

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BACKGROUND：Exercise behavior can improve physical health, mental health, and academic performance among university students. However, according to the national statistics, considerable number of university students do not engage in exercise behavior. Although previous studies have investigated the associations of perceived barriers and facilitators with exercise intention and behavior among various populations, few studies have targeted on Japanese university students. OBJECTIVE：This study aimed to examine which factors of perceived barriers and facilitators were associated with exercise intention and behavior among Japanese university students. METHODS：This study was a cross-sectional study. An online survey asked participants about their level of exercise intention（single item with four-Likert scale）, exercise behavior（twice a week or more, less than twice a week）, and five perceived barriers（discomfort, lack of time, lack of social support, lack of motivation, poor physical environment）and five facilitators（physical benefit, psychological benefit, social benefit, weight management, self-improvement）to exercise. This study conducted a path analysis. RESULTS：Fifty-five people（31.40%）exercised twice a week or more. The path analysis showed that although all barriers and facilitators were not significantly associated with exercise behavior, exercise intention was significantly and positively associated with exercise behavior. Furthermore, while psychological benefit and lack of time were significantly and positively associated with exercise intention, lack of motivation and discomfort were significantly and negatively associated with exercise intention. CONCLUSION：These results suggest that individual-level factors, such as perceived psychological benefits, motivation, and discomfort, would be important for promoting exercise intention and behavior among university students.

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BACKGROUND：Grip strength measurement is widely used as an indicator to reflect physical function. However, differences in physical function with and without the use of walking aids have not been clarified. Therefore, it is unclear whether grip strength is useful as an indicator of physical function in walking aids user. OBJECTIVE：The purpose of this study was to examine whether grip strength and physical function differ depending on whether or not a walking aid is used, and to determine whether the relationship between grip strength and physical function differs depending on the use of a walking aid. METHODS：One hundred and forty-nine elderly subjects were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: those using walking aids and those not using walking aids. Physical functions such as grip strength, knee extension muscle strength, single leg standing, and stride length were compared between the two groups. In addition, a correlation analysis between grip strength and eight physical functions was conducted. RESULTS：The group with walking aids performed significantly worse than the group without walking aids in physical functions except grip strength. There was no significant difference in grip strength. Significant correlations were found between grip strength and all physical functions in the group without walking aids, but not in the group with walking aids. CONCLUSION：Grip strength of walking aid users was not different from that of non-users, and there was no relationship between grip strength and other physical functions in walking aid users.

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Prevention of pneumonia is important because pneumonia is one of the major causes of death in older adults. Furthermore, disuse syndrome due to pneumonia may cause frailty or disability in older adults during their hospitalization. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended for older adults to prevent serious complications （e.g., pneumonia） and death because they are high-risk individuals for influenza and COVID-19 infections. Prevention of pneumonia by influenza and COVID-19 vaccination is important for older adults to extend their healthy life expectancy.

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