With regards to historical cell site location data, some arguments in the United States (hereinafter “business records theory”) suggest that they are a part of “business records” that communications serv-ice providers may handle at their own discretion. Based on the Constitution of Japan, however, those data are supposed to be protected under “secrecy of communications”, and the business records theory conflicts with this need for protection. From this fact, the following problems with business records theory arise and thus nullify its application to the “secrecy of communications” concept. First, the the-ory positions communications service providers to whom users provide location data as equal to other third-parties (i.e., the general public). Second, it treats the location data in the same way as other data to be provided to third-parties, irrespective of their peculiar characteristic of potentially exposing part of a user’s private life. Third, it regards the provision of location data as being implemented voluntar-ily by users, despite the indispensable role of cell phones for communications services in users’ daily lives. Given these elements, it would be fair to interpret that under the Constitution of Japan, commu-nications service providers are fundamentally allowed neither to disclose the location data to public authorities without due cause and process nor to investigate nor utilize them for their own purposes beyond the scope of necessity for the provision of communications services.

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This paper aims to analyze how the introduction of smartphones, such as iPhones and Android phones affected the mobile broadband market using panel data analysis of all 34 OECD member countries from 2000 to 2012. The data shows that since 2008 or 2009 when iPhones and Android phones were first launched, countries with low HHI in the mobile market tended to raise the mobile broadband adoption rate, while high HHI countires had a lower adoption rate. Moreover, the mobile carriers that launched iPhone first in each country gained market share, while other carriers lost. Using panel data analysis, it is demonstrated that mobile broadband adoption was promoted by the launch of iPhones and Android phones which lead to severer competition among mobile carriers. These results suggest how broadband policy might be developed in each member country.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss about Japanese broadcasting system that corresponds with depopulating society by criticizing the present system and analyzing a survey on local commercial broadcasters. The depopulation has two kinds of influence on local broadcasters. First, it brings the direct effects such as standardization of TV programs, reduction of market scale, the movement of users, change of users' lifestyle, and so on. The second effect is an indirect one. Namely, the necessity to have independent, substantial management foundation will be important because local broadcasters will have to watch over local government.
This paper proposes policies for structural control of broadcasting system that are based on the following three directions. That is, (1) The system that local broadcasters can expand their market into outside of the prefecture area. (2) The system that local broadcasters make it easy to choose their management policy. (3) The flexible system according to the regional characteristics.

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Mobile number portability has been widely introduced in many countries to reduce switching costs and to increase consumer satisfaction and the market competition. This paper intends to examine consumer preference for the MNP in Cambodia for a better understanding of the consumer preference and their willingness to pay for the MNP. The research model is adopted from the technology acceptance model and the consumer preference is estimated from the conjoint analysis. The findings illustrate all alternatives are significant at 95% level of confidence, while the porting time is the most essential factor, compared to the porting fee and porting process. The consumers are willing to spend less than one day, to pay less than US$2 and not to meet a complicated porting procedure. The insights of the consumer preference on the MNP play a crucial role for the regulator to introduce the innovation with a reasonable porting time, fee and process.

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