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Syusuke IIDA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
1-9
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The critical speed of a shaft rotating in water differs from that in vacuum. This is due to the hydrodynamical force generated by the eccentric rotation of the shaft. So, to analyse this problem, these fluid motions must be investigated. In this report, these fluid motions are approximately calculated and the hydrodynamical force is derived. Furthermore, the experiments are made and compared with the calculations. They coincide with each other very well. Also, the attached moments of inertia are calculated.
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Yukio TOMITA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
10-16
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The author studied the law of similarity with respect to the flow of non-Newtonian fluids in pipe lines by using the equations of motion. Secondly, the Fanning's formula of pressure losses in pipe lines was extended to the non-Newtonian flow. Moreover, the coefficients of pipe friction losses for turbulent flows were evaluated. When the coefficient of pipe friction and the Reynolds number in a wider sense are used, the characteristics of non-Newtonian flows in pipe lines are approximately equal to those of Newtonian flows.
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Kiyoshi YAMAGATA, Kaneyasu NISHIKAWA, Michihiko KAWANO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
17-22
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In the exhauster that feeds the boiler furnace with fuel in the mill, the blades of the exhauster wear out violently due to the pulverized coal-air mixture treated in it. As a countermeasure against this wear phenomenon, it is more effective to adopt lacerated blades instead of common straight blades than to change the material of blades. This report aims to provide a basis of wear-proof measure by grasping the motion of the pulverized-coal in the exhauster. As the result of the experiment, the following conclusions were drawn : (1) In case of the straight blades, most of the powder flows along the blade surface. (2) In case of the lacerated blades, the powder flows from the tips of lacerated teeth drawing a parabolic line, but hardly touching the blade surface.
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Tsuneyo ANDO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
23-29
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Study on Voith-Schneider-Propeller is made much complicated by several factors even in two-dimensional treatment. When the chord length is small, however, the propeller may be regarded as composed of blades, each individually moving along a trochoidal path relative to uniform flow (quasi-steady state, interference disregarded), with suitable correction for advance speed. The author tried to make some account on the action of the propeller as two-dimensional under above principle, taking into consideration the curvature of blade path relative to the uniform flow, as well as the azimuthal location of the steering center and here are given some numerical examples. Also an application to cyclo-gyro aircraft is referred to. It is known that for air transportation purpose, the direction of blade rotation must be chosen in conformity with what sort of airfoil is used.
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Sadaji YAMASITA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
29-34
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In this report, the author refers to his study on the influences of the finishing conditions of metallic plate surfaces upon the abrasion of metals to the fluid with sand particles. The working direction of file on the final finishing surface of metallic plate is set so that it has an angle of 90°to the flowing direction of the fluid with sand particles. And finishing conditions are : (1) the state of as-cast black sheet (2) bastered file finish (3) dead-smooth file finish (4) Emery paper 5 finish (5) Emery paper 3 finish (6) Emery paper 1 M finish (7) Emery paper 0/2 finish (8) Emery paper 0/4 finish (9) Emery paper 0/6 finish (10) Buff finish. Surface conditions of metallic plate just before and after the experiment of abrasion were examined with a surface tester and surface roughness was measured.
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Tsuneo ICHIKAWA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
35-39
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Concerning the involute profile internal gear pump, the author calculated the ideal delivery, its pulsation factor and the variation of the trapped volume. And these characteristics were verified by his experiment. As a result of this research it was found clearly that the internal gear pumps are more excellent than the conventional external gear pumps in the following points, (1) the pulsations of the delivery and the delivery pressure are small, (2) the variation of the trapped volume is small, and there is no extreme pressure rise nor decrease in this space with no relief groove.
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Yoshikazu SAWARAGI, Yoo YONEZAWA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
39-43
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, the authors analysed a cycling phenomenon in an actual control system. As a result of some experiments we came to the conclusion that this phenomenon was caused by a backlash element in the pneumatic controller. Carrying out the analysis of the control system including this nonlinear characteristic by the use of the gain-phase plane, it was found that the cycling frequency and amplitude were in good agreement with the experimental results. The larger the sensitivity of the proportional action controller is, the larger the frequency and the amplitude of the cycling.
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Jun AKAOKA, Kotaro HIRASAWA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
43-50
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The problem of fatigue phenomena under rolling contact accompanied with sliding is very important for the gears, rails and tyres, rolling bearings etc., nevertheless little part of the problem has been revealed. So we have carried out some experiments about rolling fatigue accompanied with sliding, and investigated how fatigue cracks occur and progress.
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Toshio AIDA, Takashi OKAMOTO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
51-58
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
For the purpose of determining the workability of coal face underground, the authors have carried out fundamental experiments on coal cutting in the laboratory. In this report, the authors are going to describe the relations between the cutting resistance and cutting conditions, i.e., depth of cut, bit angle, cutting speed, bit wear, and physical properties of coal. From these experimental results, the authors learned that the magnitude of cutting resistance of coal cutter or coal planer at the coal face underground could be generally anticipated.
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Keiji OKUSHIMA, Kiyoshi MINATO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
58-64
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper describes the behavior of chip in steel cutting for the purpose of controlling the shape of chip and contains the following two parts. The first part describes the angle of flowing-out of chip and, since its values calculated by the theoretical equations are in accord with the measured values for various cutting conditions and tool designs, the authors have drawn up nomographs for the flowing-out angle of chip on the basis of the theoretical equations. The latter part describes the chip classification and the effect of cutting conditions on the shape of chip.
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Shizuo SENJU
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
65-74
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Often an operator takes care of several automatic machines which normally require no human care, but are liable to stop intermittently. In the study of the effect of machine interference, his walking time cannot be overlooked especially when the operator tends a large number of machines. In part one, the relation between the average walking distance and the layout of machines is dealt with in the case where no definite order of attention is specified, and the optimal way of operating machines is discussed when his ancillary work is too much. In part two, the walking time of an operative, the time interval of his patrolling, the average productivity of machines and the average duration of wrong state of machines are compared from the probability's point of view with respect to the two types of patrolling, one of them being the "regular" one, whereby he tends machines according to a fixed pattern, and the other the "irregular" one where no definite order of attention is specified.
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Tokio SASAKI, Haruo MORI, Akiyoshi HIRAI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
75-79
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Concerning three types of hydrostatic bearing i.e., spherical, discal or conical, the theoretical solutions of pressure distribution, quantity of flow, load capacity and power consumption are obtained. Depending on these solutions, it is clarified that the bearing clearance is determined by the dimensions of the inherent restrictor. Therefore, the designing factors of the bearing as to the clearance, the restrictor, the pocket and the supplying fluid pressure, taking into consideration the conditions of the optimum dynamic stability, the maximum load capacity and the minimum power consumption have been investigated.
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Tokio SASAKI, Kenjiro OKAMURA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
80-85
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
For the purpose of inquiring into the cutting mechanism of fine-grain abrasive stones in the honing, an experimental research has been carried out with an external honing apparatus. Concerning the cutting speed, the best cutting efficiency is obtained at a cutting speed of 40 m/min. The cutting direction angle of 40°∼50°is the most suitable, and the cutting direction angle is the most decisive factor in the cutting mechanism of honing. As to the bond hardness, it is suitable to use the harder stone. Comparing the honing with the superfinish, the most suitable values of cutting direction angle and cutting speed are same in both cases. But the cutting efficiency of superfinish is 5∼10 times that of honing, and the stone wear per unit amount of stock removal of honing is slightly smaller than that of superfinish.
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Tokuzo MATSUYAMA, Takao KAYABA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
86-91
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, a study of the electro-spark machining process by the alternating current in the circuit used by Lazarenko is described. The results of this investigation are as follows : With the alternating current, the machining speed is maximum and in the widest extent of the work-current machining is stable, using a solid brass bar electrode. The larger the condenser capacity is, the wider this extent becomes, and the larger the work-current grows, at which the machining speed is maximum as in the case of direct current. Regardless of the condenser capacity, the electrode consumptions are almost constant under a certain work-current, which is largest when a solid brass bar electrode is used. Under a certain diameter of electrode, machining speed is little affected by it. The clearance between hole and electrode is also little influenced by the work-current, if it is beyond a certain value.
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Minoru HAMADA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
92-97
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The problem of a rectangular plate with clamped or supported edges is treated in this paper by means of the undetermined multiplier method in the calculus of variations. The amplitude or the displacement of the plate is expressed by the double Fourier series, then by the orthogonality of the trigonometric functions, numerical calculations become very simple and many types of problems-natural and forced vibrations, statical deflections, bucklings and others-can be easily solved through the unifled and systematic procedures of calculations.
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Yuzo NAKAGAWA, Satoshi OKUDA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
97-102
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
We can recognize that there are two steps in the yield process of unplasticized P.V.C.. The first step of yielding is a process, during which the stress-strain curve reaches its maximum point and drops to the lower yield point ; we may call it the "initial yielding". The original local contraction can be seen in a part of the specimen. When such local contraction proceeded to a limiting value corresponding to the strain ε
1, a new yielding or contraction of the cross section is caused in the neighbour of yielded part ; such yielding or the second step of yield may be called the "progressive yielding". The above two steps of yielding may be considered as analogous to the process of the upper and lower yieldings of the mild steel. Such phenomena of yielding are remarkably affected by the stretching speed v
st. We established a relation between the stretching speed v
st, the yield strain ε
1 and the velocity of propagation of plastic strain wave c, as v
st=c·ε
1.
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Toshio NISHIHARA, Shuji TAIRA, Kichinosuke TANAKA, Kiyotsugu OHJI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
102-107
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The transient behavior of 0.14 per cent carbon steel, which appeared by a partial removal of applied stress at the stage of secondary creep, was studied at 450°C. The strain rate after the partial reduction of stress was found smaller than the true steady creep rate for the reduced stress, however it gradually increased with time and appeared to tend to the steady creep rate. It was also found that the higher was the applied stress before the stress reduction, the lower rate of strain appeared after the reduction at a given strain and the longer period was necessary before the strain rate reached the steady creep rate. These behaviors were ascertained to be well interpreted by the authors'theory of the plastic deformation of metais at high temperatures.
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Yasuo SATO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
107-110
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Though there are many questions in plasticity, we think, one of the most important subjects is to make clear the relations among pure shear, simple shear, tension and compression, But the relation between pure shear and simple shear is solved not only by theoretical considerations but also by experiments. In this paper, we examined the relations among pure shear, tension and compression in plastic domain with the material that was considered to be isotropic in the virgin state, and obtained the correct experimental relations. The experimental relations are shown in Fig. 5. In this figure, the shearing stress is taken in ordinate and the strain corresponding to the amounts of total slip is taken in abscissa. These results show evidently that the relation between tension and compression coincides well and pure shear is higher about 14% than tension or compression in all plastic domains.
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Jobu AWATANI, Hiroshi MIYAMOTO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
111-115
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
A testing equipment and measurements are reported of the fatigue of metals under supersonic frequency. This equipment has an advantage over conventional fatigue machines that stress alternations up to 10
8 reversals can be made within an hour or so. At the resonant condition, metal samples are subjected to alternating stresses above the fatigue limit by means of a magnetostriction transducer through an exponential brass horn. By this method the fatigue properties of various metals were investigated. To avoid temperature rise of the samples, water cooling was necessary. Under insufficient cooling, it was not possible to obtain large motions and high strains, presumably due to the increase of internal damping in the samples. Even marks in the most strained part of sample such as might be made by a very light scratch with a knife edge had a considerable effect on the fatigue limit.
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Tomoya OTA, Akio SHINDO, Hidekazu FUKUOKA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
115-123
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
We have shown a general view of the extant theories on the orthogonal machining in steady state, especially paying attention to the existing limits of the complete solution. It is convenient for estimating these limits to investigate the existing range of the cutting resistance P/Tk related to the shear angle φ applying Hill's theorem to the rigid regions. We investigated the generalized case of the Lee and Shaffer's solution with built-up edge and it is proved that the chip should be rigid contrary to Lee and Shaffer. We attempted some experiments using lead specimens and the obtained relations between φ and λ-α coincided with the theory, but the values of P/Tk were scattered and slightly larger than the theoretical range as a whole. It seemed that φ was affected by the initial condition.
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Takeo YOSHIZAWA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
123-131
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Usually steel balls are used in Brinell hardness test and also in Rockwell hardness test. In Japan, tungsten carbide balls have been recently made in such sizes that we could use them as indenters in ordinary tests. In this research, these balls were used to measure the hardness of hard metals and their permanent deformation was observed to determine the maximum hardness values which we could measure with such balls without their permanent set, and also the difference between hardness values of the same metals was measured with balls of different materials to prepare the new conversion table of hardness. This tabls was compared with the already issued one such as ASTM table. and then disagreement between them was discussed.
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Motoharu TANEDA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
131-137
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In order to study the strength and the rigidity etc. of box type girders for overhead travelling cranes, full-sized model experiments were conducted. Two model girders were used. The upper deck and the two web plates of one model (Girder 2) were reinforced by longitudinal stiffeners, while those of the other (Girder 1) were not. Load was applied on top of the inner web plate at the center of the span of each girder, which was supported at its ends. Results are as follows : (1) The stress distributions on the plate surfaces were generally irregular, while deflections, buckling loads, failure loads of girders and shapes of plates after failures were coincident with their calculated values. (2) The effects of longitudinal stiffeners on the strength of Girder 2 appeared clearly. (3) The torsion produced by the eccentric load has not a remarkably bad effect on a box type girder of such dimension ratio as used in the present experiments.
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Sugao SUGAWARA, Itaru MICHIYOSHI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
138-143
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper presents the change in temperature, velocity or pressure of combustion gas in a combustion chamber for gas turbine or jet engine. The phenomena, which were taken into account in this report, include : (1) area change of duct, (2) wall friction, (3) external heat exchange and (4) liberation of heat due to combustion. Results obtained by numerical calculations for one-dimensional steady flow are as follows : Though the temperature, velocity and pressure-distribution in the direction of flow are different until the combustion ends, those which are obtained upon completion of combustion have almost no relation with the type of liberation of heat due to combustion. The increases of temperature and velocity and also the decrease of pressure are linearly proportinal to the fuel-air ratio in the case of constant area of duct. The pressure drop of convergent flow is larger than those of divergent and constant area flow.
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Hitoshi TAKAHASHI, Takeshi SANPEI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
144-150
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
We have used rectangular co-ordinates that enable us to indicate the completeness of destructive combustion. The ordinate y designates oxygen consumed and the abscissa x, (⩛-0.5) (CO)+⩛ (CO
2)-0.5 (H
2) in % respectively. ⩛ can be any real number, but fuel index (Kenzahl des Brennstoffes) σ
0 or unit is useful. When ⩛ equals σ
0, the perfect combustion gases are plotted on the straight line y=(tan α)x and tan α is unit. But the combustion gases of light part of the elements of fuel have tan α which is in the relation 1<tan α<∞, while tan α of heavy elements is less than unit. The more incomplete a destructive combustion is, the more tan α of light elements increases and on the other hand that of heavy components decreases. When ⩛ is unit, combustion gases of hydrocarbon are never plotted under the line y=x.
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Masao TSUYAMA, Masao TAGA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
151-156
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Authors experimented on flow patterns, distribution of quantity, especially loss of head at a cross-branch section by flowing air-water mixtures into a horizontal branch pipe of 23.4 mm in dia. They carried out the investigation from the following two view-points : (1) ξ
b1, loss of energy attributable to the branch only. (2) ξ
b2, loss of energy including the effect of the irregularity of the stream past a branch section. In consequence, it was possible for them to make the characteristics of the loss of energy comparatively clear. Then they discovered that the coefficient of loss of head ξ
b2' was approximately proportionate to the ratio of energy at the main flow and the branch flow.
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Fujio NAGAO, Yoshio HIRAKO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
156-162
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The present authors developed a general method of estimating the performance of turbocharged Diesel engines in their equilibrium operating conditions, under which the simultaneous equations deduced from the interrelationships existing among the operating variables were graphically solved. By applying the same method, the characteristic dimensions of a turbocharged two-cycle Diesel engine are calculated on the basis of the given values of such six variables at the design point, as excess air ratio, delivery ratio, combined efficiency of turbocharger, scavenging air temperature, piston speed and brake mean effective pressure. Further, the effects of these variables on the engine performance are found out.
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Fujio NAGAO, Yoshio HIRAKO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
163-169
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
For pressure-charging two-cycle Diesel engines with the constant pressure system, selfsustained operation of the turbocharger cannot be achieved owing to the low efficiency of the turbocharger, in which case some aid must be furnished to the turbocharger. One form of aiding the turbocharger is to attach a positive displacement blower or compressor to the engine. In this paper, by applying the same method of calculation of the variables to the performance of the turbocharged two-cycle Diesel engine as presented in the previous paper, the capacities of the auxiliary blower in series are calculated to meet reliably the given operating conditions at full load and the stable operation at idle running. Further, the effects of the blower capacity on the performance of a given engine are made clear by the same process. The results of this study are favourably comparable with those of experiment on a practical engine now in operation.
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Fujio NAGAO, Yuzuru SHIMAMOTO
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
170-175
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
For the improvement of the performance of a turbocharged Diesel engine with a pulse system, the utilization of the blow-down energy is most essential. The present authors have carried out the experiment on the transmission of the blow-down energy with an air model simulating the exhaust system of an actual engine. By measuring the kinetic energy of the air ejected from the equivalent nozzle at the pipe end, several factors affecting the energy transmission-pipe length, pipe diameter, area-ratio of the nozzle to the exhaust pipe and exhaust pressure-were found out. Further the theoretical calculations were performed by means of the characteristic method. The resulting values agree almost exactly with the experimental ones, when the friction loss in the exhaust pipe is taken into consideration.
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Fujio NAGAO, Harutoshi KAKIMOTO, Tsuyoshi HIRAOKA
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
175-181
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The idling knock of a pre-combustion type Diesel engine is considered as one of the obstacles to its automotive use, especially, to a passenger car. The mechanism of the idling knock was investigated by observing the effects of various running conditions on the knock. The idling knock was found to be originated from a rapid pressure rise in the cylinder, which was caused by explosive combustion of fuel escaping from the pre-combustion chamber in incompletely mixed state. On the basis of these results, the favourable methods to reduce this knock were worked out.
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Kozo NAKAMURA, Teruo SAWADA, Takao KAMEI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
182-187
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
It is necessary to carry out actual turbine testings to know the characteristics of turbine blades in the moving state. Then, we research the dynamical characteristics of turbine blades with two testing turbines ; one is an impulse turbine of partial admission and the other is a specially designed low pressure turbine of double rotation type. In this paper, we report the results which have been obtained with the former. We measured the torque and thrust of turbine shaft, and calculated the magnitude and direction of exit velocity from blades. On the other hand, we measured the outlet flow angle and velocity by yawmeter and pitot tube. Comparing these two methods we found that the first method was more simple than the second and there was a good agreement between both results.
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Chikanobu HORIE, Kyoji KAWAGUCHI
1959 年 2 巻 5 号 p.
187-195
発行日: 1959年
公開日: 2008/02/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Cavitation tests on an axial flow pump were made over a wide range of operating conditions. Through these tests, the aspects of cavitation in the impeller were observed with a strobolight and variation of the pump characteristics was studied. A parameter σ
s to represent the suction condition was introduced to give the cavitation limits for any flow rate. The pump head showed little change until the cavitation on the blade surface was developed considerably, while the shaft horse-power began to increase slightly with the incipient cavitation on the blade, decreasing abruptly as the pump head dropped due to the growth of cavitation. So that the efficiency showed gradual decrease as the incipient cavitation grew. The cavitation limits concerning the incipience on the blade and variation in pump performance are presented against the flow rate in terms of the parameter σ
s as well as in the suction specific speed.
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