Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan

STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN MECHANICAL AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF METALLIC MATERIALS

Tatsuo SAKAI, Masaki NAKAJIMA, Keiro TOKAJI, Norihiko HASEGAWA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 63-74
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_63

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Many papers on the statistical aspect of materials strength have been collected and reviewed by The Research Group for Statistical Aspects of Materials Strength. A book of “Statistical Aspects of Materials Strength” was written by this group, and published in 1992. Based on the experimental data compiled in this book, distribution patterns of mechanical properties are systematically surveyed paying an attention to metallic materials. Thus one can obtain the fundamental knowledge for a reliability design of mechanical structures such as the preferable distribution form and distribution parameters.

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SOLVENT MATERIALS FOR USE IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS OF RECHARGEABLE CELLS WITH LITHIUM METAL ANODES

Shin-ichi TOBISHIMA, Katsuya HAYASHI, Yasue NEMOTO, Jun-ichi YAMAKI

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 75-80
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_75

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A rechargeable cell with a lithium metal anode (lithium metal cell) is attractive because theoretically it has a high energy density. The problems with lithium metal cells are their short cycle life and poor safety resulting from their low cycling efficiency and the high chemical reactivity of lithium. One of the most important factors is the selection of the electrolyte màterials. In this paper, we examine the influence of the composition of ternary mixed solvent electrolytes comprising ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF) on the properties of AA-size Li/a-V₂O₅-P₂O₅ cells. The goals are to improve the cycle life of the cell while ensuring its safety and controlling its cost. The cell performance examined here includes cell capacity and charge-discharge cycle life. We also carried out a heating abuse test at 130°C on the Li/a-V₂O₅-P₂O₅ cells. The best electrolyte composition was found to be 1.15M LiAsF₆-EC/PC/2MeTHF (15:70:15) from our overall results on cycle life, capacity, safety and cost.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE BRIQUETTE PRODUCED FROM FLY ASH AS A MICROORGANISM CARRIER

Yasushi HIRASHIMA, Tadashi TSUMURA, Toshihiro MORIGA, Toshifumi ASHIDA ...

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 81-87
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_81

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Hydrothermal reaction of fly ash with slaked lime produces a porous briquette which is composed of amorphous calcium silicate, tobermorite and hydrogarnet. The molar ratio (calcium oxide)/(silicon dioxide), 0.3 in the synthesized briquette is essential for obtaining high ability for carrying microorganism. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) indices in an artificial non-fecal drainage conducted with the porous briquette decrease more rapidly than those conducted with concrete blocks; decrease behavior in the use of the briquettes is similar to that in the use of activated charcoal. The briquette samples inoculated at low and medium temperatures are effective in cleaning up water at low and medium temperatures, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the briquette samples ensure that these samples are covered with biological membrane. These results indicate that the calcium silicate briquette produced from fly ash can be effectively used as a carrier of microorganism for the prevention of water pollution.

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SYNTHESES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHITE-LIKE MATERIAL OF COMPOSITION BC₆N₂(H)

Masayuki KAWAGUCHI, Akinari SUGIYAMA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 88-93
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_88

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A new graphite-like layered material of composition BC₆N₂(H) is synthesized by the pyrolysis of (CH₂CHCN)₂: BCl₃ adduct, which is prepared by the interaction of acrylonitrile with boron trichloride at room temperature. X-ray diffraction and UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis suggest that the adduct has a cubic or quasi-cubic structure and is gradually polymerized at room temperature. A possible arrangement in a layer of BC₆N₂ has been considered on the basis of ESCA spectra and chemical interactions among the starting materials, being composed of a unit structure N-C-C-C-C-C-C-N-B. BC₆N_1.5(H) film prepared by CVD reaction (CH₂CHCN: BCl₃=2:1) has a conductivity of 5.31×10⁴S/m at room temperature and behaves as a semiconductor. The reduction of BC₆N_1.5(H) with Li⁺C₁₀H₈^-/THF solution has yielded a lithium intercalated compound with a repeat distance of 0.87nm.

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PREPARATION AND PYROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ZIRCONIUM-MODIFIED LEAD LANTHANUM TITANATE CERAMICS AND THIN FILMS

Masafumi KOBUNE, Satoshi FUJII, Masanori HOSHIKA, Yasumori MAEDA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 94-100
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_94

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Zirconium-modified lead lanthanum titanate {(Pb0.925La0.075)(Zr_yTi_1-y)0.981O₃+0.5 mass% MnO₂, y=0-0.10, (PLZT)} ceramics and films were prepared by hot isostatic pressing and rf-magnetron sputtering, respectively. The pyroelectric properties of PLZT ceramics and films were investigated in detail. Assuming that the volume specific heat C_v of present ceramics and films is 3.2J/cm³°C, the PLZT films exhibited the highest figures of merit F.M. of 1.4×10^-10Ccm/J for voltage responsivity and F.M.D^* of 1.6×10^-8Ccm/J for specific detectivity of pyroelectric infrared sensors, which were around 7.0 times and 2.8 times, respectively, larger than those of present ceramics and PLZT(4/44/56) ceramics previously reported. The present films of y=0.04-0.10 are substantially expected as element materials for pyroelectric infrared sensors.

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AN EXPRESSION METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCEMENT CONFIGURATION OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

Shinji YAMADA, Zenichiro MAEKAWA, Seeram RAMAKRISHNA, Yoshihira OKANDA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 101-105
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_101

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Many kinds of reinforcement configurations have been developed with the progress of fiber reinforced composites. Reinforcement configurations vary from one to three dimensions. Some methods are available in the literature for classifying various reinforcement configurations qualitatively. In this paper, efforts are made to develop a method for expressing various reinforcement configurations quantitatively. For this purpose two indices, structural index (D) and scattered index (C), are proposed. Furthermore the geometric dimension (κ) and the degree of scatter (ζ) are calculated. This method is applied successfully to several reinforcement configurations.

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PREDICTION OF FAILURE IN ROCK MASSES BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION

Kazutoshi MICHIHIRO, Koji HATA, Toshio FUJIWARA, Hisaya YOSHIOKA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 106-111
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_106

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When constructing large caverns such as the one used for an underground powerhouse, it is of extreme importance to assure the stability of the cavern. As one of the techniques for stability monitoring, uniaxial compression tests were performed in various rocks and acoustic emission(AE) activity was measured. From the examinations of AE activity and the maximum amplitude of a single event, two types of AE occurrence patterns and three types of m-value variations were found. When predicting failure modes by means of AE, it is thought that the total AE counts and the m-value can be useful for non-homogeneous rocks. On rocks of schistose or very homogeneous structures, the total AE counts provide useful information on failure prediction but the m-value does not. Furthermore, from the results of spectral analysis of AE signal waves measured, it is found that the dominant frequency increases with increasing load.

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EVALUATION OF BENDING STRENGTH AFFECTED BY SPECIMEN GEOMETRY IN SILICON NITRIDE

Toshihiko HOSHIDE, Hirokazu SANO, Hiroyuki HONDA

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 112-118
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_112

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Four-point bending tests of a gas pressure sintered silicon nitride were conducted using notched specimens with different notch shapes as well as smooth specimens of distinct sizes, and the effect of the specimen geometry on the bending strength was experimentally clarified. The mean strength in smooth specimens could be almost correlated with the effective volume, though the mean strength in notched specimens shifted toward the lower strength side compared with the relation for smooth specimens. From observation of fracture surface, no unique correlation of the strength with the effective volume was suggested to be ascribed to a difference in flaw morphology between smooth and notched specimens. To discuss the efficiency of the effective volume, a Monte Carlo simulation was also carried out by assuming the same distribution characteristics of cracks in a material. The simulated result revealed that the effect of the specimen geometry on the strength was explained by using the effective volume. The effective volume, however, was found to be inefficient because of a failure of the primitive assumption in the Weibull theory when the flaw density was extremely low in a material.

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SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON CRACKING BEHAVIOUR IN BIAXIAL FATIGUE

Toshihiko HOSHIDE

1997 Volume 46 Issue 6Appendix Pages 119-124
Published: June 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.6Appendix_119

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Some microstructural factors affecting cracking behaviour in biaxial fatigue were investigated in this work. A basic model proposed previously was developed in the analysis. The model consisted of an aggregate model of square elementary grains with double primary-conjugate slip system, and a competition model between the linkage dominant growth and the propagation of a single crack. The model was modified by introducing a clustering procedure to be appropriate for more general applications. Simulations based on the modified model were conducted on cracking behaviour in Inconel 718 with a duplex grain structure and in SAE 1045 with aligned large inclusions. Simulated results on cracking morphology and failure life were found to be in good agreement with experimental observations in the materials.

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