The purpose of this study was to determine dynamic causal structure of condition fluctuation applying single case study design. A male 22 years-old college soccer player volunteered to participate in this study. His condition, training and sleeping were self-monitored for 71 days in the off-season training period using quality control (QC) sheets. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to extract condition fluctuation factors. The lag of condition fluctuation factors was analyzed using auto-correlation coefficients (AC) and partial auto-correlation coefficients (PAC) of condition fluctuation factor scores. The confirmatory factor model, the serial causal model, and dynamic causal model of condition fluctuation were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model fitting indicators GFI, AGFI and NFI were utilized. Significant level was set up α = 0.05. It was statistically demonstrated that the condition fluctuation factors of the college soccer player in the off-season training period were constructed from condition, training, and sleeping, and there was dynamic causal structure with serial causal structure between these 3 condition fluctuation factors and lag 1 time delay of condition.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness as attacking point and the occurrence mechanism of turn-over in contact situations in rugby football. Fifteen top-ranking, high level international matches were analyzed. After analysis one result found that performance in attack without kicking from turn-over in contact situations was significantly higher than from two either scrums or line-outs, in terms of scoring and advances in the field area. Performance in attack with kicking from the turn-over situation was significantly higher than that from line-outs in terms of the continuity in possession. These findings suggest that turn-over in contact situations is advantageous as attacking point. Results also found that turn-over in contact situations could be classified into five categories; tackle turn-over, tap turn-over, "jackal" turn-over, ruck turn-over, and maul turn-over based on an analysis of play which produces turn-overs. Furthermore, different sequences of occurrence were identified after analyzing the turn-over process in detail and were sub-classified in each turn-over category. Based on the findings of this research it is suggested that further study into techniques and tactics of turn-over play should be undertaken.