We investigated the living conditions of our 16 uro-ostomates by interview their way of stomacare,daily life and economic conditions.
　We could not find out the problem from the no catheter group （ileal conduit or tubeless ureterocutaneostomy）. But many of the uro-ostamates with catheter complained us that they have inconvenience in daily life,need high cost of stomacare and have anxiety about daily life.
　And we found that uro-ostomates required out direction of more fitting appliance and more substantial preoperative nursing.

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　A preoperative explanation to allay the patient's fears and misapprehensions of an artificial anus must be adequate and successful.
　To investigate the method of the explanation and negative response of the patient（repellent,refusal,etc.）,a nation-wide survey was carried out,succeeding to the previous study in 1978.
　One hundred and eighty-five out of 259 institutions（71.4％）responded to our questionnaire.
1）In all institutions,the necessity of establishment of an artificial anus was well explained preoperatively. The explanation was meticulously modified according to the patient's educational and social background.
　This was comparable to the result of the previous study（1978）.
2）The ratio of the institutions where a negative response had been experienced,increased.
3）The rate of adamant or absolute refusals（i.e.,grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in the text）,however,tended to decrease. A more rational and recognizable explanation,taking the patient's personality,age,sex,etc. into account,could be a reason.

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　We instructed 23 male patients with neurogenic bladder or prostatic hypertrophy to perform intermittent self-catheterization based on the do-it-yourself pamphlet that we prepared. As a result,we concluded that 1）if the self-catheterization is performed under sufficient supervision,it is useful for recovery of the functions of the bladder,upper urinary tract and kidney,prevention of urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence,and stimulation of mental activity,2）it was useful to record,at that time,the residual urine volume themselves to understand their own disease condition and to prevent complications,and 3）since a questionnaire revealed that they complained most of the social problem,the application of this self-catheterization method should be decided with sufficient consideration of the social background of each patient.

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