A historical study of surgical development on stoma,artificial colostomy and resection of rectum cancer in Japan was made of medical manuscripts published since 1903 when “lgaku Chuo Zasshi” had been issued to 1941 when the World War Ⅱ had happened.
　Surgical treatment of colostomy became popular in 1930's and the one step procedure was established in 1940.
　Operative resection of rectum cancer was already reported in 1903,which was carried out with posterior approach and posterior artificial colostomy. The manner of making artificial colostomy with sigmoid colon loop in left lower quadrant was first reported as palliative way against rectum canser in 1920.
　The way of resecting the rectum suffering from cancer both from abdominal and posterior approaches by Japanese was reported in German medical journal 1906 and became popular with two step procedure in 1920's. It was in the latter half of 1930's that aritificial colostomy was put in left lower quadrant field. In 1937 this kind of artificial colostomy was made by one operation. Miles' operation was originally taken in two step procedure in 1940. In 1925 Dr. Hagiwara recommended first in the world to stitch the mucosal layer of colostomy and the surrounding skin,because the colon serosa put out of the abdominal cavity contracts and results in cicartriceal stricture of stoma.

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