In this study, to develop a regional plan for 4 cities and 1 town in Hokkaido, feasible MSWMS were proposed based on (1) use of existing facilities in neighboring area and (2) source separation and treatment of kitchen waste. The proposed systems were then evaluated with regard to cost, greenhouse gases, and the amount of waste going to landfill. The results suggested that (a) contribution of the transportation cost among the cities and town to the total cost was not large so much, and that (b) the total cost in the alternative where existing facilities were used was almost the same as that in alternative where facilities were newly constructed. Consequently, this study shows new examples of development of MSWMS considering effective use of existing facilities in neighboring area.

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At present, plastic recycling system under the law for promotion of containers and packaging recycling makes waste disposal cost of local government higher, because the law doesn't reflect a Principle of Extended Producer Responsibility adequately. And the system adds to cost and environmental loads, because waste plastics are made up of complex composition. Under this recycling System, and under rising price of oil, it is important to revise the waste plastic disposal policy.

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Reduction of carbon loading to landfills (biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic carbon) is important to green house gas emission and to a shortage of capacity in landfill sites. Since most waste is incinerated in Japan, such a carbon loading comes from organic matter in the incombustible refuse, as they have been carried to landfill sites without any treatments. Objectives of this study are to estimate carbon loading in landfilling incombustible refuse in the typical systems depending on incineration in Japan, and to propose municipal solid waste management systems for reduction of carbon loading to landfill site, considering landfill criteria in Germany that has reduced carbon loading to landfills.

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In this study, questionnaire survey was conducted for municipalities that have landfills in order to clarify needs for landfill reclamation. As a result, a number of municipalities hope securing landfilling space by landfill reclamation, as well as appropriate treatment of inappropriate landfill sites and recycling of materials that have been disposed. Furthermore, case studies including cost analysis revealed that reclamation of landfills could be actually feasible, although an initial cost is a little higher than construction of new landfill site at another place, and could get the effectiveness of appropriate treatment, recycling and life prolongation.

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From 2007 to 2010"The project for strengthening of solid waste management in Dhaka City" is conducting. The population of Dhaka City is around 6 milion. This project is introducing "Ward Based Aproach on solid waste management" The components are to construct ward solid waste management office and its activities. This office is controling solid waste management by wardwise, such as collecting waste collection data workers performance improvement, improvement of work environment and pilot project of new collection system. This paper reports a series of progress of "ward based approach of solid waste management in Dhaka" City.

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[in Japanese]

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The influence of the formation process of "station" collection point and the actual status on the waste disposing were analyzed, which was based on the amount distribution of waste bag in one district in Fukuoka city, Japan. As a result, many people reduces the waste disposing frequency regardless of the scale of "station" collection point. The introduction of the charge for waste collection might facilitate to stuff up the waste bag. The narrow road kept from collecting the waste bag from one by one housing. The maximum value of the road moving distance was 37.3 m and the value of "the load amount for waste disposing" was 547.3 (kgm) in this study.

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Augmenting kinds of waste of separate collection is deliberated for promoting 3R act at some municipalities. But the data to evaluate cost and environmental load of new collection system is insufficient. The authors have studied the current situation of collection work with GPS application and GIS software, and deliberated working time and speed, evaluated cost and environmental load under the scenarios, and estimated their possible ranges by uncertainty analysis. Consequently, in the scenario in which most kinds of waste separated, it is found that cost increases 51%, and CO2 emission increases 45 % compared with the base scenario: combustible and noncombustible waste collection. Furthermore, by uncertainty analysis, the cost increases significantly by separating food waste.

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[in Japanese]

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The local government has a problem called the increase of the collection cost now. On the other hand, "wide area collection and disposal" is pushed forward as measures, hence high efficiency of collection and the treatment is desired. In this study, we develop a method to plan and evaluate the MSW transfer system for "wide area collection" on the scale of prefecture. One MSW transfer station is placed in each of six blocks which have been already regionalized in "A new plan of widening regional MSW treatment in Okayama". Three treatment facilities are selected. The new capacity of the facility is decided so that the summation of transport distances between the transfer stations and treatment facilities can be the minimum. Finally, the cost of MSW collection and transportation are evaluated.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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After the Filth cleaning law was enforced in 1900 and the local government began to dispose of garbage, recycled resourses such as used paper and scrap iron had economic value and recycle business continued. The purpose of this study is to consider why recycle business continued during Taisho and the beginning of Showa. From the end of Meiji to Taisho, problems of hygiene influenced not only business of garbage and night-soil disposal but also recycle business, and traders of recycled resources got into a difficult situation. The traders coped with the problems of hygiene together, and the industrialization that was advanced by World War 1 increased the kind of the recycled resources and supported the traders.

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[in Japanese]

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In recent years, volume of Lithium batteries product and scrap is increase. This study is check for risk of waste lithium batteries by crush and other tests. In result we are conclude that used lithium batteries in case of wrong use or disposal is very danger. It has power to make fire or explosion.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This case study is maintenance situation of village environment in Chinmen Islands and Pescadores of Taiwan. The clarified on traditional materials for possession/supply/reuse in the repair work of the traditional private houses. The purpose of investigating materials security policy to succeed to the historicalness (the use of peculiar materials) of the private house while there is the limitation of resources.

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Eco-concious Park including EIP(Eco-Industrial Park) and RRP(Resource Recoverly Park) are examined using some parameters of city characteristics. As a result, Eco-concious Parks and city characteristics have some relations.

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In recent years, Japan-China trade for recycled resources have increased rapidly. It is likely that China's economic expansion causes the outflow of recycled resources from Japan to China, which leads Japanese recycling industries to shrink. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of China's economic expansion on Japanese recycling industries by using a Japan-China Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model. The results of the evaluation suggest that whether Japanese recycling industries shrink or not depends on patterns of China's economic expansion. In particular, Change in production costs of natural resource intensive industries in China, which is caused in the economic expansion process, affects Japanese recycling industries through Japan-China trade for recycled resources.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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It is internationally high demand for the environmentally sound management (ESM) that mercury contained in waste is recovered for recycling or stored for a long-term storage. However, a country which does not have capacity to deal with mercury waste in an environmentally sound manner needs another way of ESM because the environmentally sound manner for mercury waste needs the advanced technology and expertise. This research focuses on transboundary movement (TBM) of mercury waste and analyses its statistic data in order to figure a current situation out. A main stream of TBM of mercury waste was within each region, such as within Europe and North America, and aimed at international cycle of mercury resource. Hardly does it exist that mercury waste was internationally moved from developed countries to developing countries. TBM of mercury waste to a country which implements ESM is one of the options for ESM of mercury waste.

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The numbers of beach litter of several consumer goods have been counted every month from 2005 to 2007 on the 8 beaches in Tottori located in the lower courses of the ocean current of the sea of East Asia. The litter is few in number from late winter to early summer, whereas the number increases from summer to early winter. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles for soft drink and mineral water are numerous items. The small size bottles are dominant in the PET originated from Japan and China, while large size bottles are dominant in the PET from Korea and Russia. The consumer goods from Japan increase in the seasons when the water level of rivers rapidly elevates. This result suggests that the consumer goods flow out via river. In fact most of the items are originated from Japan in summer season. Interestingly the monthly change of small size PET bottles is similar to that of surfactant bottles which are used inside of house. This fact suggests that most of the PET bottles are thrown away together with surfactant bottles.

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[in Japanese]

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Solid fuel was approved by revising Containers and Packaging Recycling Law as one of a new technology under a certain condition. It was necessary to adjust the chlorine concentration to 0.3% or less to correspond to advanced use. Here, near infrared separation system and dry separation system are used.

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Currently recycling of containers and packaging (C&P) plastics takes high cost and so people are looking for a better method of recycling. In this study we focused on sorting and collecting methods of C&P plastics and carried out the LCA on them to show simple plastic sorting and collecting and mechanical recycling gets high score. Concretely we picked up the foamed polystyrene tray which is sorted and collected by retailers and evaluated the environmental impacts of it against the assumed scenario the formed polystyrene tray is not sorted and collected but discharged as an item of the C&P plastics mixture and be treated by mechanical recycling or discharged as combustible waste and be incinerated with power generation or discharged as incombustible waste and be buried at the landfill site.

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[in Japanese]

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For understanding the emission behaviors of various chemicals during recycling processes of waste plastics, the working environment airs and gases were examined. High detection frequency chemicals were toluene and low molecular aldehydes, followed by chemicals originated from resins. Offensive odor substances were low detection frequency, but relatively high concentrations. Levels of these chemicals were lower than the standards related. Most chemicals were comparable concentrations to general environmental airs, while levels of some offensive odor substances and chemicals originated from resins were higher. Chemical emissions during compression process were low, and less effective to working environment levels. Emission levels of some substances were related to the resin types treated.

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[in Japanese]

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Sapporo Plastics Recycling Co., Ltd. (SPR) which started commercial operation of liquefaction plant for waste plastics containing PVC and PET in 2000 has been entered into 9th year this year. Presently, thermal degradation residue and hydrochloric acid other than hydrocarbon oil have been produced as a by-product. As a result, SPR has achieved high recycling rate, in addition, more than 90% of the recycled products have been reused in Hokkaido. Current issues of recycling municipal plastic containers and wrapping are highlighted in this paper.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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