This paper evaluated what kind of impressions the participants get when they see the objects illuminated from several basic directions on the stage. This research would be helpful to offer objective data for the stage lighting approaches. Based on the questionnaires, this paper revealed that the participants had positive impressions on the objects when the light came from the front side of the objects. On the contrary, they had negative feelings when the light came from above or the bottom. Also, the participants had no featured feelings when they saw the objects illuminated from the side or the rear. Therefore, the lights from these directions should be used mixed with the ones from different directions, or used as the auxiliary lighting. Moreover, the shadow was a factor that changed the participants’ impressions. For example, they had different feelings when the researcher changed the sizes of shadows. In addition, hazy-shadows or unnatural-shaped-shadows changed the participants’ feelings.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the current situation of the light pollution of the Yoshizaki Coast in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture. The research was conducted with a digital camera. It was found that the beach of the Yoshizaki Coast, which has no lights that illuminate the coast directly, has not been damaged yet by light pollution. It also revealed that the night sky of the beach is as bright as the residential regions due to the emitted and scattered light from the industrial district next to the beach and the band of the continuous light which rises from the central area of Yokkaichi City. The luminance of these regional light has made the Yoshizaki Coast bright as the residential area. There is a possibility to improve this situation although it is not easy. In order to maintain or to improve the light environments in the Yoshizaki Coast, this problem should be dealt with as a matter of the whole district, not as one in a small area.

A detailed examination of Simocephalus vetulus and Chydorus sphaericus, which are considered representative zooplankton of Lake Usoriyama, located almost in the center of the Shimokita Peninsula in the northernmost part of Honshu, revealed that they were misidentified. In this paper, we have given new names to Simocephalus vetulus and Chydorus sphaericus as Simocephalus usorikoensis Tanaka & Ogawa n. sp and Chydorus osorezanensis Ogawa & Tanaka n. sp, respectively.

It is known that both zooplankton and phytoplankton species inhabiting lakes are closely related to lake trophic types. In this paper, the classification of plankton community types is revised, and indicator species and descriptions are added. The most significant change in the revised community type is the distinction between zooplankton and phytoplankton based on the presence or absence of chlorophyll. Also new is the addition of inanimate waters, where few organisms grow, to the oligotrophic types.