Since it is made to be the index which clarifies biological activity or metabolism activity of the general soil, type and quantity of the carbohydrate-degrading enzymes were measured on several organisms and the soil. The high and active β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was included for mold, mushroom, congograss, Japanese black pine seed and root black pine. In addition, the high activities of the enzyme also existed in the soil in which congograss and black pine grew. Therefore, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase existing in the soil is considered with the enzyme in which mold, mushrooms or plants produce intermingles. Then, biological activity and metabolism activity seem to be generally high for the soil of which this enzymatic activity is high. In the growth soil of congograss and black pine, the principal enzyme was the β-glucosidase, and the especially high value in the enzyme except for the β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was shown. This enzyme also existed for the myceria of Aspergillus and fruit body of mushroom. Because the β-glucosidase was few for the root of the congograss and black pine the β -glucosidase of the soil in which congograss and black pine, grew derive from other source. Therefore, there is the high possibility that the mold which lives in the soil accumulates β -glucosidase in this soil.

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Circled with Garcinia subelliptica habitat embracing trees on the property, houses in Tonaki Island are mostly south facing, which forms an ideal feng shui village structure. We observe that forest belts in the northern and eastern borderlines are much thicker than those inside the village, which is greatly attributed to the strong cold northern wind in winter and the destructive eastern wind during typhoon season. Stand trees of well-kept houses are arranged in a two storied structure, while trees around 2 m in abandoned residences are an overwhelming majority. Tree density in well-kept houses is higher than that in abandoned houses. Seedling ratio for abandoned houses is bigger than that of well-kept houses, while it is opposite for sprout ratio. It is assumed that well-kept habitat embracing woodlands have been cleaned from time to time to weed out fallen ripe fruits and unwanted seedlings, while trees in the abandoned houses have not been maintained for a long time and forests have returned to a nearly natural situation

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Protection forest for fish-gathering aimed for habitation and breeding of fish but in late years, a role as a function of public interest has been made. The history of protection forest for fish-gathering was more than 100 years but had served for a living for people earlier. To date, the present conditions are generally ignored and the place that went to ruin is similar in fish-gathering protection forest in Yamagata Prefecture. This study considers a better future of Yamagata Prefecture fish-gathering protection forest.

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Locust (Lobinia pseudo-acacia) posesses salient features such as strong competitiveness, great fertility and allelopathy. Therefore, a considerable change of ecosystem has been caused in some riparian and coastal forests of Japan and Korea. Although some methods for control their fertility by logging and chemical treatments are currently being tried, good results has not been produced yet. It is desired that new and alternative measures which will take the place of present methods. This study is focused on component of Juglone, which is known as the substances cause allelopathy. As the results of experiments, it was cleared that Supercritical CO₂ Fluid Extraction was better than water extract method on Juglone and the extract from both method showed the negative effects on germination and initial growth of locust. Further study would be necessary on seasonal change of components, effect of root on germination etc.

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