This study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy of incorporating Virtual Reality (VR) materials into psychiatric nursing education, specifically in simulating the experience of physical restraint. The research focused on a sample of 17 third-year nursing students, who underwent a 20-minute VR simulation designed and developed by the research team. The simulation mimicked the conditions and sensations typical of physical restraint, featuring a bedrest scenario in a simulated nursing practice room that replicated the limited physical mobility inherent in real-world restraint situations. As participants engaged in this immersive VR environment, they reported an enhanced perception of the sensations associated with physical restraint. Furthermore, the simulation augmented their understanding of the negative emotional ramifications and the critical ethical considerations surrounding rights infringements inherent in such practices. To yield empirical data, a qualitative analysis was performed using the Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT) methodology. This process culminated in the identification of 22 distinct thematic elements, or 'texts,' derived from participants' responses. The findings generated from this research contribute valuable insights to the intricate field of psychiatric nursing, which often presents challenges for nursing students to grasp comprehensively. Importantly, the study also underscores the potential utility of this innovative pedagogical approach in fostering empathy among nursing students. This aspect is crucial in the realm of nursing education, as cultivating empathetic understanding can significantly improve the quality of patient care in psychiatric settings.

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Endoscopes are automatically rinsed with a disinfectant containing 0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) prior to use in a dedicated machine to prevent bacterial infection. Because the disinfectant is gradually diluted with repeated use, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of disinfectant in the cleaning machine as needed to ensure that it is within the effective concentration range. In this paper, we report the development of a fluorescence assay for OPA in disinfectants with excellent sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity. The developed method showed good quantification of OPA in disinfectants in the range of 0.20-0.55%, and also gave good quantification at concentrations of 0.01% in increments of 0.27-0.33%, which is near the lower limit of the cleaning power of it. This method is expected to be used because it is more accurate and sensitive than current OPA monitors, and anyone can easily perform highly reproducible assay by simply mixing reagents and disinfectant.

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