A synnematous anamorphic fungus on decayed Citrus unshiu and Fortunella japonica fruits was collected in Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Based on ITS rDNA sequence similarities and morphological observation, we identified the species as Talaromyces cecidicola, which was originally found on cynipid galls from North America. Full description and illustrations of the Japanese specimens are provided. Size of T. cecidicola synnemata significantly varied in accordance with difference of substrates (i.e., rotten citrus fruits, MA, MEA and CMA). Furthermore, the T. cecidicola synnemata showed positive phototropism in vitro. These could help to clarify the ecological role of the synnemata.

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P. A. L. Savatier (1830-1891), the French medical doctor of the Yokosuka naval dockyard, had collected many botanical specimens in Japan, especially in Yokosuka, Yokohama and other regions of Kanagawa Prefecture. We examined Savatier's collection for the presence of locally extinct plant specimen and for made a detailed observation of its identification at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHM) in France. As a result, we recognized 12 species those are locally extinct in Kanagawa Prefecture. Those materials are here reported with their images and some botanical notes.

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Distribution of introduced green mussel Perna viridis and physicochemical factors of sea water were investigated monthly from June 2006 to March 2008 at Enoshima Island, Sagami Bay, central Japan. The mussels were confirmed at proximal sites from the rivermouth throughout the investigation period. Living individual was confirmed neither at distal sites from the rivermouth nor at the site isolated by the sandbank. At the site which is located between inhabited sites and uninhabited ones, the living mussels were confirmed in the beginning of the investigation period, then disappeared. Among the physicochemical factors, salinity and pH were significantly low at the inhabited sites than at the uninhabited ones. Particulate carbon(PC) and particulate nitrogen(PN) were apparently high than at the inhabited ones. Carbon nitrogen ratio at the inhabited sites also showed higher. These results probably suggest that the mussels are dependent on the particles of freshwater origin.

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Macrobrachium austrae (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) was collected from Kaname River on Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This paper is first record of M. austrae in Kanagawa Prefecture. In addition, this is the northernmost and easternmost records for this species in Japan.

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2 individuals of atyid shrimp, soldier brush shrimp Atyopsis spinipes and 1 individual of palaemonid prawn, monkey river prawn Macrobrachium lar were collected from rivers in Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan from September to October, 2013. These are the first records in Kanagawa Prefecture and the northernmost records in Japan. They were considered to be brought from the south by the Japan Current and the abortive migration.

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5 individuals of palaemonid shrimp, mangrove prawn Palaemon concinnus were collected from Kawazugawa River, Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan on December 1, 2013. This is the first record in Honshu and the northernmost record in Japan. However, no Palaemon concinnus was collected on July 14, 2014 at the same place. Palaemon concinnus here was considered to be able to survive until December because of inflow of hot spring water and brought from the south by the Japan Current. They were likely to be the abortive migration.

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A common Japanese clam shrimp, Eulimnadia braueriana Ishikawa, 1895 (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata) was identified based on specimens raised from dried mud taken from a rice field before flooding in the suburbs of Zama city, Kanagawa Prefecture, central Japan. Several larvae of these clam shrimps grew to adults under laboratory conditions. In this paper, we report some life-history data of the clam shrimps based on laboratory observations. In addition, the results of an investigation into their occurrence in the rice field after flooding are reported.

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A single specimen of Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904 (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) was collected from Sagami Bay, Japan, at a depth of 150 m on March 18, 2014. The specimen represents the first record of A. evermanni from Sagami Bay and is the southernmost record of the species. The species was characterized by the following combination of characters: eyes on right side of body, the upper not positioned on top of head; body without bony tubercles on ocular side; mouth large; teeth canine-like, and sometimes depressible; gill rakers slender; lateral line almost straight, without curve above pectoral fin; caudal fin emarginate. The counts and measurements are provided.

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The distribution of the genus Eleotris (Gobioidei: Eleotridae) in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, was investigated on the basis of the literature, museum collections and field work in rivers. Four species, i.e. Eleotris acanthopoma, E. fusca, E. melanosoma and E. oxycephala, were identified in the region. They were recorded mainly from the rivers along Sagami Bay, which is strongly influenced by the Kuroshio Current. The species occurred in rivers along Tokyo Bay but it is thought that only E. oxycephala winters in the prefecture. The vast majority of specimens of the other three species were juveniles, and this suggests that these species have not established viable populations in the region. E. fusca is recorded from the prefecture for the first time, representing the northernmost record of the species.

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We carried out DNA analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in the Futagoyama mountain area, in Miura Peninsula in southern Kanto. The molecular phylogenetic characteristic of the wild boar was genetically close to those of the Asian Sus scrofa lineages including Japanese wild boar (S. s. leucomystax). Furthermore, it was suggested that this wild boar has a previously unknown sequence type of Glucosephosphate isomerase - processed pseudogene.

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