In Takahama Town, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, the Cephalanthera falcata, which is categorized as a vulnerable species by the Ministry of the Environment, grows naturally, and is preyed on by the Japanagromyza tokunagai In this study, to prevent the J. tokunagai from laying eggs inside the flower stem of the C. falcata, the measures of bagging treatment and an insecticide application of Cyromazine solution was used. In this experiment, we prepared three treatment groups: i) bagging treatment group ii) insecticide application group and iii) no measures group. The number of experimental tests was 2 individuals in the bagging treatment group, 2 individuals in the insecticide application group and 3 individuals in the no measures group. Bagging treatment and the first insecticide application was carried out on April 27, 2021, with the second insecticide application being carried out on May 12, 2021. Fruits were collected on November 25, 2021. The percentage of ripe seeds was 100% in the bagging treatment group, approximately 56% in the insecticide application group and 0% in the no measures group. These results indicate that bagging treatment is the most effective method of controlling the damage caused by J. tokunagai, and that insecticide application is unable to suppress the damage entirely.

Value-chain forestry is a new type of forestry, in this article it is defined as not activities just for management of forest products, but series of activities from production, processing, distribution to consumption related to forest products. This article introduces a trial of value-chain forestry with golden camellia tea (GCT) in Que Phong district Nghe An province, Vietnam. Advantages of value-chain forestry are 1) contribution to sustainable use of forest resources by feedback of product demand in the markets (to avoid over exploitation of resources), 2) reduction of intermediary margins by simplifying distribution processes of the forest products. Added intermediary margins, which were paid to middlemen in the conventional distribution system, to the price of the forest products purchased directly from farmers, their income will be increased. GCT is made of yellow flowered camellia, which is a shrub to middle height tree growing under canopies, therefore, canopies must be protected to yield flowers. Value-chain forestry with shade tolerant non timber forest products is expected to promote forest conservation.

I propose solutions for the two regions of Mikata Five Lakes, Fukui Prefecture and Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture, which are both designated as Japanese Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (J-NIAHS). The challenges facing the two regions are the reduction of fishermen and fish catches. As a measure to solve these problems, I proposed that the two regions should cooperate technically and geographically, instead of dealing with each region alone. The concrete measure of technical cooperation is to hold the J-NIAHS Forum about once a year, and the concrete measure of geographical cooperation is to cooperate in each region with a short geographical distance. Rather than only focusing to become certified as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), it’s important for J-NIAHS to first cooperate with each other to raise awareness and attract tourists to these areas. In recent years Japan’s aging population and depopulation of rural areas has steadily increased, making it difficult to continue conventional agriculture. I consider it is effective for the areas certified as J-NIAHS to work together both technically and geographically to preserve the important agriculture, forestry and fishery systems, as well as the rural culture and landscapes that have been inherited up to now.