Cycling training, which helps maintain or improve physical fitness, is used as cross-training for runners. However, some studies of triathlon have shown that cycling negatively affects motor control during subsequent running. This study clarified the effects of acute cycling on motor control during running. We also preliminarily examined the effects of continuous cross-training (cycling, swimming and running) on motor control during running in triathletes. Seven runners performed experimental (cycling) and control (running) exercises to examine the acute effects of cycling. Before and after each exercise, the participants ran for 15 min (pre- and post-run). All exercise intensities were at 90% of the ventilatory threshold. Stride time variability (STV) was used as a motor control index, and pre- and post-run values were compared. Pre-run STV was compared between seven runners and seven triathletes to examine the effects of continuous cross-training. In runners, STV significantly increased after the cycling exercise but not after the running exercise. No difference was observed in STV change between 5 and 15 min after the start of running. Pre-run STV was higher in triathletes than in runners. In conclusion, these results suggest that acute cycling affects runners’ motor control during subsequent running. Furthermore, continuous cross-training may alter motor control of running.

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