The behaviour of surfactants and organic additives, which occur in washing agents, detergents, shampoos and hairrinses in thin layer chromatography analysis was investigated.
In the TLC analysis of the nonpolar or weak polar organic additives, authors used the coated plates with silica gel and the solvent systems of n-hexane-benzene, benzeneaqueous ammonia and chloroform-methanol-aqueous ammonia.
In the analysis of the polar additives or surfactants, the coated plate with silica gel containing ammonium sulfate and the solvent system of chloroform-methanol-aqueous surfuvic acid was used.
The procedures described above permitted the qualitative assay of all organic components present in many washing agents and are the important tools for the quantitative liquid chromatography analysis.

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This article is a review of recent progress in studies on the structure of liquid water and the influence of solutes on it.
Water is an extremely abnormal liquid consisting of monomer water and associated water bound by hydrogen bonding. The equilibrium of monomer and associated water is influenced by solutes, and study of the aqueous solutions leads to an understanding of water structure. Whereas ions with strong electric field enhance the water structure as a whole, those with weak electric field destroy the water structure. Hydrophobic solutes make another kind of water structure (icebergs) around them. The structure of the icebergs is different from that of ordinary ice and also of water under electric field of ions. The iceberg structure is supposed from the crystal structure of clathrate hydrates of symmetrical tetraalkylammonium salts. The behaviors of hydrophobic solutes in water and also the structure of associated water are explained from the viewpoint of the icebergs. Hydrophilic solutes affect the icebergs. Urea, a typical hydrophilic substance, breaks the water structure. Properties of aqueous solutions of alcohols, which have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, are very complex.

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Report was made on the general methods of determination of arsenic and some problems were pointed out in their application relative to the cosmetic materials and products, that is, factors contributing to the plus and minus effects for determining As. One of the minus effect studied iron oxide and good results were obtained as follow:
i) The silver diethyldithiocarbamate method for determining As in one gram of iron oxide:
After dissolving one gram of iron oxide with HC1 and HC1O₃, the solution is evaporated to near dryness, converted Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ by reducing with NH₂OH-HC1 salt, using special arsine evolution apparatus (fig I), microamount of As in commercial iron oxide was determined spectrophotometricaly at 540mμ with silver diethyldithiocarbamate in pyridine within the following coefficient of variation: 1.8% (10.5ppm): 21.8% (0.4ppm) and the effect of deverse metal, 80μg Sb, 100mg Pb does not have any ill effect.
ii) Gutzeit Method:
Standerlized pretreatment is necessary for obtaining consistent results by this method and compared favorably with the spectrophotometric method as described in i).
iii) Square-wave polarography method:
In 2N hydrochloric acid solution, two waves have been separated clearly. The shape of the second wave is better than the first, and was scarcely effected by various metalic ions.
By using the benzene extraction at the concentration of H₂O:HC1=1:10 level or higher, As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ may be determined quantatively by treating with benzene-HC1 and benzene-HC1-HBr extraction.
In conclusion, it is our earnest hope that a standardized method of pretreatment and the maximam limits of arsenic contents for cosmetic products should be settled.

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At present, there is no standardized test method for fastness to light of cosmetic pigments and cosmetic products in which such pigments are used. There are neither unified rules nor special regulations regarding the light sources, the density of test materials, and the expresion of the fastness to light.
In order to establish the this method, I wish to submit the first report on the subject matter.
This method is designed, in consideration of the marketability of cosmetics. The standard dosage of sunlight was indicated as the light required for the decomposition of 50% of the standard pigment.
Sample pigment and standard pigment (0.24mg% sol. of Rohdamin B) solutions were respectively sealed in glass tube and exposed for a suitable period of time to the sunlight, then the fading of color was examined by means of colorimeter.
It was concluded that the visible color change of the pigment is parallel to the result obtained by this method.
The advantage of this method lies in the simplicity of the structure of apparatus and easiness of their treatments.

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A request was received from the Secretariat of JCCA for explanation of the testing methods of specific components of cosmetics and it is believed that the term specific components refers to beauty components such as hormones and vitamins. However, the main components such as tar dyes and anticeptics will also be explained in this paper.
The testing methods were divided into 5 main classifications and the following results were obtained from each.
(1). Color Reaction and Colorimetric Analysis
1. The change in solubility in water and CHC1₃ layers, color and fluorescence of the reaction products of 42 kinds of dyes and 9 kinds of non-ionic surface active agents in neutral, acidic and alkaline conditions were investigated and it was found that triphenyl methane series and xanthene series dyes, and Span 80 and Tween 80 surface active agents indicated different kinds of reactions.
2. In an acidic solution, dyes such as methylene blue reacts with SO₃″, S₂O₃″, CNS′, NO₂′, Br′, BrO₃′, I′, IO₄′, C10′, C10₂′, C10₃′ and C10₄′ ions and become soluble in CHC1₃. This reaction can be utilized for quantitative analysis of the various ions but on the other hand, the presence of these ions obstructs separation and identification of the dyes and also, is the cause of errors in the Epton method which is a quantitative analytical method for anionic surface active agents.
3. Permaton red can be easily detected in a mixture of permanent orange, toluidine red and permaton red by reaction with an alkali or NaBH₄.
4. The 6 kinds of reagents prepared by dissolving VOC1₃ and NH₄VO₃ in HOAc, methyl cellosolve solution of toluene-sulfonic acid and pyridine indicate characteristic coloring with phenols whose reactions solution, i.e., antiseptics, in aqueous are negative by FeC1₃ reagent antioxidants and hormones.
(2). Paper Chromatography (PC) and Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
1. Analytical method by PC was developed for analyzing impurities in 13 kinds of mercapto compounds and 14 kinds of cold permanent was solutions.
2. Very good separation of oil soluble dyes, and green and blue coloring matters was obtained by using Amberlite “Ion exchange resin papers” WA-2 and WB-2, and developing with acidic organic solvents.
3. It was possible to identify components of 20 kinds of hair dyes containing amino or phenol group by TLC using silica gel, with benzene: diethylamine (9:1) as the solvent.
4. TLC of 8 kinds of anti-histamine compounds was carried out with silica gel using BuOH:HOAc:H₂O(5:1:4) as the solvent and it was possible to separate amino-ether groups which are permitted in the Pharmaceutical Affairs law of Japan from those which are not permitted.
5. TLC of 16 kinds of sun-screen agents, 11 kinds of anticeptics and 10 kinds of vegetable oils was carried out using pet. ether:HOAc(88:12) as the solvent and succeeded in separating each component.
6. It is possible to detect paraffin in animal and vegetable waxes and liquid paraffin which has been added to vegetable oils such as camellia oil as adulterant by TLC.
(3). Column Chromatography
1. Pilocarpin in hair-tonic was adsorbed from an absolute solvent system using Dowex 50WX-1 (H type) column and a yield of over 90% was obtained by eluting with N-HC1.
2. Lecithin in pomade was adsorbed in CHC1₃ solution using a silica gel column and eluted with ethanol.
(4). Potentiometric Analysis
Sulfonic acid salts of commercial grade quinoline yellow WS etc., were made into the free form and then Potentiometric analysis was carried out with 0.02N-NaOH solution, by which it was possible to identify the number of sulfone groups.
(5). Near-Infrared Absorption Spectra
Near-infrared

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