In the past literary works were often used in English language education in Japan. In recent years, however, the number of literary materials has been remarkably reduced, mainly because the emphasis in Japan's English education has been put on communication abilities. It is often said that using literary materials is not incompatible with developing communication abilities. This paper will consider the significance of literary materials in English language education, with special reference to O. Henry's famous short story "After Twenty Years".

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This study exhaustively investigates the adoption of the Designated Administrator System to public libraries in Japan and analyzes its characteristics. The investigation results have confirmed that 469 libraries of 193 local governments are managed by the Designated Administrator System as of November 2014. After 2011, the increase in the number of local governments that adopt the Designated Administrator System to public library management has recently shown a declining trend. Unlike other public social education facilities, private enterprises are appointed with a high ratio as designated administrators in public libraries; particularly, the specific enterprises that revolve around selling books or making of bibliographic data for libraries are intensively appointed as designated administrators.

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The purpose of this study is to reveal the relevant factors of view of life and death and of the evaluation of spiritual care of students receiving welfare education. 97 female junior college students answered the questionnaire. As a result, it has been revealed that view of life and death is associated with death education, education of nursing care and of elder care, and that the evaluation of spiritual care is associated with applying for care staff.

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In this paper, I focused on the educational attitude of the mother and clarified the problems of the family to educate. The study is based on results from interviews done on mothers who have a child in a school age period. The main findings are as follows: Mothers think the power which is no longer only the academic achievement is necessary. Mothers think that the power necessary to children isn't one, and the educational responsibility of mother is very big.

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Class improvement questionnaires targeted at students are conducted at Shokei University every year. Each questionnaire has a mark sheet and an area for students to write in free responses. Mark sheet items are analyzed graphically. However, class teachers are only informed about what students wrote for the free response area. The free responses are not otherwise analyzed or used for any other purpose by the university. With this in mind, the author used text mining to see what kind of patterns there were with free responses in order to analyze student requests for improving classes and suggest methods for how to improve classes in the future.

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This research is part of the author's stylistic study of Ernest Hemingway's works and employs several electric corpora and a concordancer. In this paper, the keywords of HSSC (Hemingway's Short Stories Corpus) were uncovered by the concordancer AntConc by referencing HSSC with TSSC (Twain's Short Stories Corpus), CSSC (Cather's Short Stories Corpus), and FSSC (Fitzgerald's Short Stories Corpus). Moreover, by using the data of negative keywords of HSSC also taken by AntConc, an attempt was made to correlate the data of the keywords, among them "looked", with some stylistic explications made in previous research.

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There have been a number of studies done on the interviews of success stories of "sixth sector industrialization" (i.e., promotion of primary producers' diversification into processing and distribution). In this paper, the author approached qualified business people, backers, and loan examiners and asked what issues they faced when dealing with sixth sector industrialization. As a result, it was found that the biggest issue is with securing sale destinations. To help solve this problem, it is suggested that the new marketing concept of "4A" may be more effective than the traditional "4P" concept.

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This paper argue on education method for explorative learning. First, this paper overlook for meaning of "knowledge" for school children as daily life beings, and point mismatch between them. Finally, this paper presents alternative method which doesn't concern children's willingness for explorative learning.

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In contemporary society, it is particularly important for school nurses and nutrition teachers to be aware of the development of interpersonal relationships in school children, in order to support and improve their mental and physical health. This study investigated the awareness of trainee school nurses and nutrition teachers about developing interpersonal relationships with school children. First, teacher training course students' responses to the 12-item questionnaire that assessed Valuing the Work of School Nurses (Ozawa and Uehara, 2013)were factor-analyzed. Results extracted four factors:(1) Schoolwide healthcare education,(2)Activities related to nursing,(3)Activities related to specific illnesses, and(4)Development of healthcare education targeting individuals. Next, issues confronting trainees in nutrition teacher-training programs were examined using the roleplay method, by using typical case examples from schools. After completing the role play, awareness of trainees on valuing the work of school nurses was confirmed in their free writing, which touched on subjects such as carefully observing individual students,"the counseling mind", and cooperating with homeroom teachers. Results suggested that trainees in programs for training school nurses and nutrition teachers attempted to develop educational activities for individuals.

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The negative effect that a convenient and comfortable modern life can have on health was pointed out. Training the muscle to build a body that can fight back heat stroke was explained. "Slow muscle training", an aerobic exercise with slow movements was explained. The educational community activity that the author had challenged this year, was reported.

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With fast development and innovation, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is turned into a commodity, and it drives significant changes of our society. Like others, our standard of living is also directly affected by the penetration of ICT. This study visualizes the connections and impacts between the use of ICT and the overall improvements of the standard of living in Japan, especially in regions that are suffering from depopulation. The recent statistical data compiled by Japanese governmental agencies and econometric analysis were used to clarify such relations and impacts. The preliminary results of this study show that there are a few negative factors, which spoil the effectiveness of the use of ICT, and advanced usage of ICT does not always stimulate improvement of the standard of living in some cases. The conclusion can be also drawn that implementation of region policies and economy structures, which specifically support revitalization of a regional economy through investment in ICT, are necessary conditions to maintain the growth rate of sustainable standard of living.

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In Meiji Era Japan, how was Western music received by the general public? In order to get a grasp of the general picture and come as close to the truth as possible, I conducted a comprehensive investigation of articles relating to Western music in local city newspapers. I investigated articles, announcements of instruments and musical scores as well as announcements with illustrations of musical instruments and performers drawn in them (medicine, watches, etc.) from the Kyushu Nichinichi Shinbun which was launched in Meiji 21(1888) and then listed chronologically by period.

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Guided by "Wu xing da yi", which was used as a textbook at the yin and yang dormitory in Nara-Heian Period, this paper discusses how the suitor's story of "Taketori Monogatari" is organized. The previous studies have tried to give an answer to which five suitors represent the each elements, but they don't reach an agreement on which suitor is corresponding to which element. To remedy this situation, the current paper proposes that "Wu xing da yi" is a clue of why all the proposals of marriage described failed. From this point of view, this paper sheds light on how the princess saw through the fakes and why the suitors went to ruin.

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The tables of content for 16 installments of Gohei Ishimaru's family magazine Danran were introduced in part 1 and part 2 of this series. The March 1919 (Taisho Year 8) installment of the magazine was recently newly discovered by the author and is introduced here. The table of contents as well as Gohei Ishimaru's Shinrei Sahoron (Theory of New Manners) and Yayoi Yoshioka's Seikatsu to Seisanryoku (Life and Productivity) are showcased.

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"Chosuiki", which is located in the Yamaguchi Prefectural Archives(Mohrike Bunko), is a civil war chronicle for the eastern region of Iyonokuni(Ehime Prefecture)in the Shikoku region of Japan. Since it is a peculiar literary work that contains parts of the text that differ from other versions such as that found in"Riden", a reprint was attempted by the author. Chosuiki also has a way of using kana(Japanese syllabary)that is peculiar linguistically. It is beneficial as a war chronicle for the Shikoku region.

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