Four cultivars of June-bearing strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were grown under controlled environmental conditions to determine the optimum air temperature in the light period for fruit production in a plant factory with artificial lighting. The air temperature in the dark period was set at 7℃, and at 22 or 27℃ in the light period. Fruit were harvested continuously for 30 weeks. The first day fruit harvested tended to be earlier at 27℃ than at 22℃ for all cultivars. The marketable fruit yield was significantly higher at 22℃ for ʻSachinokaʼ whereas it was higher at 27℃ for ʻTochiotome.ʼ The soluble solid content (SSC) of the early harvested fruit was significantly higher at 22℃ than at 27℃ for all cultivars. The SSC of the late harvested fruit was significantly higher at 27℃ for only ʻTochiotome.ʼ Regadless of cultivar, fruit firmness was significantly higher at 22℃. The results of this study indicated that 22℃ is better than 27℃ for the air temperature in the light period during the production of strawberry fruit under controlled conditions, except for ʻTochiotome,ʼ which may be a suitable cultivar for fruit production at relatively high air temperatures.

　　To evaluate the usefulness of green light in artificial lighting cultivation, the effects of green light supplementation to a mixture of blue and red light on growth and photosynthesis in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ʻGreen-waveʼ) grown at three different planting densities (33, 44 and 55 plants m^-2) were investigated. Plants were grown under a mixture of red, green and blue light (RGB; red/green/blue light intensity ratio of 2/1/1) or a mixture of red and blue light (RB; red/ blue light intensity ratio of 3/1), at 200 µmol m^-2 s^-1 for two weeks.

　　At 44 plants m^-2, the shoot fresh weight under RGB was significantly lower than that under RB, which was due to the decrease in the leaf number. There was no difference in the shoot fresh weight between the light treatments at 33 and 55 plants m^-2. Chlorophyll and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase contents in the lower leaves were significantly higher under RGB than under RB conditions. These data indicated that increases in these components did not lead to improving of the growth under the RGB condition compared with the RB condition, while green light irradiation could be valuable in suppressing leaf senescence of the lower leaves of Green-wave. We evaluated green light as useful because it reduces the waste of leaf blades in the pre-shipment trimming process.

　　There is a few information on the effect of γ-ray irradiation on the structure of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). In this study, we examined the radiolysis of FAMEs, such as methyl stearate (C18:0), methyl oleate (MO, C18:1), methyl linoleate (MLa, C18:2), methyl linolenate (MLn, C18:3), and methyl α-eleostearate (MESA, C18:3, purity 70.9 wt/wt%). In hexane, the degradation percentages in the air condition, were higher than those in nitrogen atmosphere because of the formation of free radicals during the γ-ray irradiation. The degradation percentage of FAMEs were affected positively by the irradiation dose of γ-ray and the initial FAME concentration. The degradation percentages were higher in methanol than those in hexane. The degradation percentages of FAMEs increased with an increase in the number of double bonds in their molecular structures (r ² = 0.98–1.0) (P < 0.05). However, since MESA has three conjugated double bonds, its degradation percentage was more rapid. The radiolysis products of FAMEs using γ-ray irradiation were detected using capillary gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The results of the radiolysis product of FAMEs indicated that the degradation proceeded by two processes: direct ionization by energetic photons (in which hydrocarbons and low molecular weight FAMEs are produced) and indirect irradiation by hydroxyl radicals generated from methanol or trace water in hexane (in which aldehydes and alkenes were produced).

　　The by-product of lemon (Citrus limon) is more than 0.8 million metric tons in 2020/2021 which consist mostly of the peel. This is a problem for management, pollution, and the environment due to microbial spoilage. Lemon peel is a good source of essential oil. Utilization of lemon essential oil (LEO) can provide an efficient and environmentally friendly material for many uses. LEO has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status, which has generated considerable appeal from the food sector. However, in its implementation, it has to face many problems related to the volatility and variability of the composition.

　　This study was carried out to extract LEO from lemon peel by steam distillation, to determine its composition, to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer activities, and to analyze the encapsulation effect of LEO in whey protein-pectin complex on these parameters. The LEO yield was 1.2 % (d.m). The main component in LEO was D-limonene (59.8 %) followed by ß-pinene (15.3 %), γ-terpinene (8.4 %), and α-pinene (3.0 %). Encapsulation of LEO in whey protein pectin-complex changed the composition of volatile compounds with an increase in D-limonene and γ-terpinene, and a decrease in ß-pinene and α-pinene. The LEO and LEO nanocapsules (LEONCs) showed a positive effect on the inhibition of colon-26 cells proliferation with IC₅₀ of 105.9 μg/mL and 2.3 mg /mL, respectively.