For empiric therapy against infections, it is most important to select antibiotics on the basis of statistical analyses of drug-resistance of the bacteria isolated in a hospital or a region. In this study, we examined the drug-resistance of Acinetobacter species (A. baumannii, A. lwoffi, and other Acinetobacter species) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) isolated at Shinshu University Hospital from October 2000 to December 2003. Acinetobacter species and S. maltophilia are becoming important as nosocomial opportunistic pathogens as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most strains of Acinetobacter species were susceptible to piperacillin, 3^rd generation cephalosporines, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones ; some strains of A. baumannii, however, showed multi-drug resistance, especially to carbapenems. On the other hand, S. maltophilia were resistant to most antibiotics except minocycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and levofloxacin.

In this study, we retrospectively reviewed on tooth extractions carried out in patients undergoing an anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy. Patient awareness about the possible complication of tooth extraction was surveyed with a questionnaire.
This study was carried out in 48 patients who had tooth extraction(s) during the period from March 2002 to March 2003. Of these patients, 12 had taken an anticoagulant agent, 30 an antiplatelet agent, and 6 had taken both. Seventy percent of the patients underwent tooth extractions after discontinuing anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs. Secondary hemorrhage was observed in 3 patients, but no other complications were noted. There was a tendency for a higher prevalence of secondary hemorrhage in patients who underwent multiple extractions. However, there was no relationship between the occurrence of complications and interruption of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs.
Thirty-eight patients (79.2%) answered the questionnaire. Almost all of them were anxious about tooth extraction with concomitant use of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs. Results of the questionnaire also showed that they were afraid of bleeding rather than complications related to thrombosis.