To determine whether bladder P2X3 receptors play physiological and pathological roles in bladder overactivity, this study prepared rats with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected bladder P2X3 receptors. The responses to sudden low temperature (LT) exposure or intravesical acetic acid (AA) infusion in the transfected rats were estimated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were transfected with P2X3 siRNA through bladder wall injections 2 days before cystometric analysis. Control rats received vehicle treatment without siRNA. During cystometry, P2X3 siRNA-transfected rats (transfected rats) were subjected to sudden LT exposure or intravesical infusions of either saline or AA. After cystometry, their bladders were assessed to determine the expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and receptors. The transfected rats exhibited reduced bladder P2X3 mRNA and receptor expression. Before LT exposure or AA infusion, voiding intervals (VI), micturition volumes (MV), and bladder capacities (BC) in transfected rats were comparable to those in control rats. Immediately after LT exposure, VI and BC decreased in both groups. Following AA infusion, MV decreased in control rats, whereas VI, MV, and BC did not change in transfected rats. After 20 min of LT exposure and 90 min of AA infusion, VI, MV, and BC increased in control rats but not in transfected rats. Downregulation of bladder P2X3 receptors could not enhance physiological bladder storage functions and suppress bladder activity induced by LT exposure or AA infusion. The bladder P2X3 receptors might contribute to the recovery modulation of pathological bladder activity.

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Purpose : To report on single-fraction palliative whole-liver irradiation for multiple liver metastases at our institution.

Methods : We retrospectively reviewed five patients who underwent single-fraction palliative whole-liver irradiation for multiple liver metastases at our hospital between August 2023 and September 2024. Patient characteristics, radiotherapy details, treatment efficacy, and adverse events were evaluated.

Results : The patients ranged in age from 28 to 76 years (median, 58). Primary malignancies included gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (n＝2), lung adenocarcinoma (n＝1), uterine sarcoma (n＝1), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (n＝1). According to the Child-Pugh classification, three patients were class A and two were class B. All patients had symptoms attributable to multiple liver metastases, and abdominal pain was present in four of the five patients. Radiotherapy was delivered using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in all cases, with a prescribed dose of 8 Gy in a single fraction. Four patients received premedication to prevent radiation-induced nausea. The follow-up period ranged from 0.7 to 5.6 months (median, 2.5). Symptomatic improvement was observed in three of the five patients, and abdominal pain improved in two of the four patients who initially had abdominal pain. No severe adverse events were observed.

Conclusion : Single-fraction palliative whole-liver irradiation showed a certain degree of effectiveness at our institution.

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Aim : In recent years, molecularly targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become available for recurrent endometrial cancer. Recommended treatments for recurrent endometrial cancer with a history of platinum-containing therapy were changed from cytotoxic chemotherapy to treatments including pembrolizumab, an ICI, in the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology clinical practice guidelines for endometrial cancer in 2023. Some studies reported the efficacy of platinum re-administration in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer who had a history of platinum-containing therapy ; however, further evidence is needed. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of platinum re-administration in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer and unresectable lesions at our department.

Patients and Methods : Thirty-eight patients with endometrial cancer, who recurred with unresectable lesions during the follow-up after an initial treatment at Shinshu University Hospital from 2012 to 2022, were enrolled in the present study. The therapeutic effects of platinum re-administration were retrospectively examined from medical records.

Results : No significant differences were observed in the response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival, or overall survival between patients with or without a history of platinum-containing therapy.

Conclusion : It is important to select the optimal treatment for each patient. Since some patients cannot be treated with molecular targeted drugs or ICIs, platinum re-administration for patients with recurrent endometrial cancer and a history of platinum-containing therapy has potential as a treatment option.

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Introduction : Anorexia nervosa (AN) among adolescents places a substantial psychological burden on families. Although psychoeducation may offer support, evidence from Japan is limited. This single-arm pilot study evaluates the feasibility of a group psychoeducation program and its preliminary effects on caregivers' depressive symptoms and family functioning.

Methods : We recruited families of adolescents with AN from Shinshu University Hospital. Participants attended four weekly group psychoeducation sessions led by multidisciplinary clinicians. Feasibility was assessed using dropout rates and feedback. Depressive symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and family function were evaluated using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale at Kwansei Gakuin IV-16 (FACESKG IV-16), respectively, and adolescents' percentage of ideal body weight (％IBW) was assessed, pre- and post-intervention. Qualitative feedback was analyzed thematically.

Results : Of the 16 family members enrolled, 13 completed the program (19％ dropout). The adolescents' ％IBW changed insignificantly. Family members reported small reductions in depressive symptoms and slight improvements in several SF-36 domains, whereas family cohesion in FACESKG IV-16 shifted toward a more adaptive pattern. Understanding of AN increased significantly, and qualitative feedback indicated improved knowledge and reassurance.

Conclusion : Group psychoeducation for families of adolescents with AN was feasible and acceptable. Although clinical improvements were modest, families exhibited slight improvements in QOL, more adaptive cohesion, and increased understanding of AN. These preliminary findings support the potential value of structured psychoeducation and highlight the need for larger, controlled studies.

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