Recently, aqueous ozone was reported to have a potential to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 causing the global coronavirus disease 2019. Ozone is among the most powerful oxidants and a strong antimicrobial agent; however, it can be easily consumed by oxidizable organic stuff and reductants present in its surroundings. It is therefore essential to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous ozone in various environmental situations. Herein, we focused on the potential of aqueous ozone to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under the situation in which almost all of oxidizable materials were removed. We found that (i) SARS-CoV-2 exposed by 0.1 mg/l of aqueous ozone for 30 sec was significantly inactivated by 99.9% when the viral protein concentration was 3.3 μg/ml and (ii) exposure by 0.5 mg/l aqueous ozone for 3 min significantly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 by 90% in 33 μg/ml protein concentration. Further study will be needed to evaluate the effect of aqueous ozone on SARS-CoV-2 in various environmental setting.

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There are invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods for diagnosing human diseases. Blood test and biopsies are examples of invasive diagnostic methods. On the other hand, non-invasive diagnostic methods include urinalysis and breath test. In recent years, disease diagnosis by breath test has attracted attention, and the use of breath test has been attracting attention especially for early detection of cancer. According to a recent study, more than 200 types of VOCs were detected in exhaled breath, and 28 types of VOCs were pointed out as marker substances for lung cancer.
Under these circumstances, research on breath tests has become a global trend for the purpose of leading to early detection of cancer.
In this study, recent literature was organized on the measurement method and the actual condition of exhaled breath components, focusing on VOCs in exhaled breath as a biomarker.

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