The immune system has an ability to generate antibodies against virtually any molecule of interest. Recently, much attention has been directed toward antibodies not only in the field of biology but also in the field of chemistry because of their unique structures and functions. Antibodies, immunoglobulins, have been studied as sensors, diagnostics, DDS, catalysts, and components for nanotechnology. We have focused our attention on the special behavior of antibodies, especially monoclonal antibodies, because they can recognize a larger and complex compound with high specificity. We have prepared monoclonal antibodies for various compounds such as optically active substances and transition-metal complexes. This review shows that molecular recognition ability of monoclonal antibodies can be applied to construct functionalized sensing and catalytic systems.

This study investigated the eff ects of molding pressures on the physical and chemical changes in the solid fuel ‘Bio-coke’. The Bio-coke samples used in the experiment were produced from two different types of wood biomass, i.e. cedar（Cryptomeria japonica）and beech（Fagus crenata Blume）, under different hot press molding conditions. The physical properties including the apparent density and compressive strength for each sample were measured, and the chemical composition was analyzed. The results indicated that as the molding pressure increased, the apparent density increased and gradually approached the real density, and it finally reached the maximum level at the molding pressure of 30 MPa. The compressive strength also increased with the molding pressure, and the increase became more dramatic after the molding pressure exceeded 20 MPa. On the other hand, the matrix polysaccharide and Klason lignin initially decreased as the molding pressure increased. Meanwhile, the organic compounds in hot-water and organic solvent extracts increased. However, when the molding pressure approached or exceeded 20 MPa, the matrix polysaccharide started to increase due to the degradation of crystalline cellulose. The difference in the physical properties between cedar and beech might have originated from the difference in the content of matrix polysaccharide, which plays an important role in binding crystalline cellulose and Klason lignin.

Properties of activated carbon made from pruned apple branches by pelletization were investigated by comparison with those of commercial activated carbon. The results disclosed that the specific surface area and micropore volume were inversely proportional to the yield in both two cases. Besides, although there is an increasing tendency of mesopore volume with the drop of field in both cases, the statistic result shows that activated carbon made from pruned apple branches have a significantly higher coefficient of determination than that of commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, for both two kinds of activated carbons, the peak positions of differential micro- and meso- pore volume vary with the yield.

Aromatic compounds（1-4）connected with gallic acid bearing amphiphilic oligo（ethylene glycol）groups were synthesized using an ethylene diamine spacer. Their thermoresponsive properties（lower critical solution temperature behaviors）were investigated on the basis of their solute concentration dependence and the effect of salt or organic solvent addition in their aqueous solutions. In addition, temperature-sensitive fluorescence properties induced via aggregation during phase transition of the aromatic compounds（4 and 8）bearing pyrenyl groups were investigated.

In this work, a mixture of potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and 2-imidazolidinone was used as catalyst for the removal of acetic acid, ammonia and acetaldehyde via loading the reagent on activated carbon. The influence of reagent-loading on the surface area and pore properties of activated carbon was investigated with the expectation to apply them as air purifier or filters. The results show that both the surface area and pore properties vary obviously when the reagentloading is high. With a reagent-loading of 20%, the specific surface area and micro-pore volume of the activated carbon change with the pretreatment temperature for removing acetaldehyde despite an opposite situation for removing ammonia. Moreover, the external surface area and meso-pore volume hardly change with the different preparation temperatures. The peaks corresponding to micro-pore and meso-pore volumes are smaller with a higher reagent-loading. However, the size decrease of specified micro-pore is not evidenced.

During the production of crushed stone, stone by-product, which is originated from various types of stone and is collected by some processes, is discharged as an industrial waste. In this study, we attempted to convert siliceous stone by-products into zeolitic material using alkali fusion. Eight different stone by-product samples discharged in Japan were used in this study, and faujasite-type zeolite can be synthesized from all samples using alkali fusion method. The crystallinities and cation exchange capacities of the product depend on the contents of Si and Al in chemical composition of raw by-product. Regardless of mineralogical composition of raw by-product, amorphous precursor was prepared from all samples using alkali fusion, and was crystalized into faujasite zeolite. The observed concentrations of Si and Al in the solution during the reaction explain the crystallization of the zeolite phase in the product. These results suggested that faujasite zeolite can be synthesized from various types of stone by-product using alkali fusion.