In the event that privatization and individualization become serious, what kind of “publicness” could be asked for and reconstructed? In light of such considerations, this paper presents the following two theoretical issues. 　The first is to reconsider Hannah Arendt's ideas about public space and clarify the theoretical importance of her concept of “ the common world.” Previous studies discussing Arendt's notion of the common world have tended to emphasize its republican aspect. For example, Michael J. Sandel quoted Arendt’s mention of the common world in the context of defending “a politics of the common good” that asks members for obligations and loyalty to the community―but is it possible to interpret Arendt’s concept from a perspective other than the republican view? This paper re-examines the concept of the common world. 　The second issue is to clarify that the common world is significant in considering publicness in the twenty-first century society. The prevalence of civil society theory in political philosophy since the 1990s produced a large volume of discourse on publicness, most of it addressing the question “what is it and what should it be?” However, in recent years, such discourse has become rare, and publicness has been drawing attention from a different point of view: the creation of public or common spaces through the reuse of buildings. For example, when utilizing public facilities that are no longer needed for their original purpose, such as defunct schools, or creating shared housing by refurbishing vacant houses, there is a tendency to make and revitalize spaces to be shared by various people. This paper focuses on this point and presents a rationale for the trend based on Arendt’s concept of the common world.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process in which Japanese women entrepreneurs acquire and mobilize resources through their career in order to start up their business. Research questions in this paper are as follows: What kind of resources did Japanese women entrepreneurs acquire? From whom did they acquire them? How did they acquire them? 　I conducted intensive interviews with 69 women entrepreneurs concerning how they acquired four types of resources (i.e. human, cultural, social, and economic capital) in areas of family, school, and workplace through three stages of life (i.e. infant, adolescent, and adult stages). Using seven occupational career factors, I conducted cluster analysis of women entrepreneurs in terms of patterns of career formation and obtained four clusters. Four types (clusters) of women entrepreneurs are as follows: “Specialist,” “Unintended Career,” “Generalist” and “Career planned to become an entrepreneur from earlier years.” The four types were cross-classified by life course variables such as period background, stages of life, family life event, timing of event, and turning points. Profiles of four types of entrepreneurs are described and explained using life course variables.

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As a characteristic social phenomenon in the late modern era, we can point out the existence of social acts to cope with risk through consumption, namely “anti-risk consumption.” Ulrich Beck and Zygmunt Baumann depict the social mechanism that evokes concerns about risks to consumers and that anxiety drives people into “anti-risk consumption.” In this paper, we explore by analyzing the quantitative research data collected in the Tokyo metropolitan area about the relationship between health anxiety, which is one example of “anxiety about physical care” exemplified by Baumann, and health consumption related to eating habits. 　The results of the analysis are as follows. First, if we focus on health consumption related to eating habits, we must be cautious about assuming a one-way mechanism between health anxiety and health consumption as anti-risk consumption. Secondly, it can be pointed out that in the late modern era where risk individualization is occurring, the composition of households plays a definite role in reducing health anxiety.

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There are few previous studies on the angle of individual autonomy in studies of health anxiety and physical exercise. This paper focuses on narcissism as individual autonomy. Narcissism is classified into indifference type represented by self-assertion and sensitive type represented by praise-desire. The aim of this article is to describe the determinants of health anxiety and physical exercise. 　Firstly, the results show that self-assertion indicates the effect of the negative to health anxiety. Secondly, the results show that self-assertion indicates the effect of the positive to physical exercise. In contrast to self-assertion, praise-desire doesn't indicate the effect to health anxiety or physical exercise. 　It is clarified that the narcissism of indifference type relieves health anxiety and promotes physical exercise.

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In response to the globalization of business circumstances, expansion of corporate information is an urgent issue in the international accounting area. In 2013, The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) proposed an integrated reporting framework, which includes the various elements such as strategy, business model, value creation and corporate governance. In this report, stakeholder relationships is also one of the most critical information. It is advocated that the report should provide insight into the nature and quality of the organization's relationships with its key stakeholders, including how and to what extent the organization understands, takes into account and responds to their legitimate needs and interests. 　In this study, in order to understand the accounting issue, we attempt to propose a new view and perception from the other interdisciplinary viewpoint. We apply the Luhmann's theory of social systems to this study. In particular, we would like to discuss two aspects; first, we attempt to recognize the accounting system as one of the “systems” and describe its special quality; second, we analyze the problem on IIRC's integrated reporting from the viewpoint of stakeholder relationships.

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In this paper, we develop the basis for a game theoretical analysis of everyday interaction, focusing on the construction of an intersubjective set of action choices. For this purpose, we refer to Schutz's studies of action choice and intersubjectivity, because previous studies demonstrated a similarity between his theory and game theory. Therefore, we showed that the hypergame, a framework that deals with the situation where each actor’s perception differs of misperceptions, lies, or secrets, can represent interaction conforming to Schutz's ideas. This suggests that the game theoretical approach is one effective way to clarify interaction order, especially where there is an asymmetry of perception among actors.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine how changed people,s consciousness or concept of time and space from edo era to Meiji,the period of westernization by making use of modern traffic media-Jinrikisha,carriage,train-or gazing at modern houses, especially train stations. In this regard, Jinrikisha had a great role to produce the consciousness of modern quantitative-linear time by feeling of quickness and connecting to trains which have the time of departure on clock time. Because of this, as the range of Tokyo city was narrow in that time, it is assumed that when we focused on the short sightseeing in westernizing Tokyo, there existed various kinds of sightseeing plans using these modern traffic media,whereas people still enjoyed sightseeing on foot which had retained the natural feeling of time and space continuing from Edo era. In addition, the guide books of Tokyo city played an important part about acceptance and domestication of modern quantitative-linear time and functional space to many people by closely linking with the expansion of the railway network and the national industrial exhibition held by the Meiji government. However, the acceptance and modification to the consciousness or concept of modern time and space was not only based on the sightseeing but also extensively pervaded to people,s daily life in the 30s Meiji period.

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There is considerable debate over what factors are related with regional gaps in social capital. We aimed to verify the contextual determinants of the regional gaps in social capital in an urban area. We analyzed this problem mainly based on survey data accumulated by Inaba (2012), who investigated residents' social capital in nine districts in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The study also used social area analysis and undertook categorical regression analysis. The results show that the more socially heterogeneous, safer, and with a greater number of families and children a community is, the more social capital it possesses. Furthermore, the regional difference of the contextual determinants lead to the impact of a regional gap of residents’ social capital in central Tokyo, the Shitamachi area, and the Yamanote area. Therefore, the regional gap of social capital in Tokyo depends on the greater difference between rather than individual socioeconomic status.

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Advanced experts are the dominant presence in certain areas. In order to prove expert knowledge, professional dominance is also necessary. But too strong rulers deprive the customer's right. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of professional power formation and find ways to overcome it. Therefore, in this paper, we will conduct structural analysis of Professional Dominance at the front row. Therefore, we will clarify the reason why autonomy changes to ability. In addition, in the social realm, I mentioned how to build a public domain in order to overcome it.

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