In competitive diving, divers jump up from 1 or 3 m springboards or 5-10 m platforms and dive into the water. At the time of water entry, the force of impact is very large, which places tremendous physical stress on the diver. However, there are few investigations about injury occurrence in divers, especially during the junior period. Thus, this study aimed to describe the prevalence of injuries among elite junior divers over a 7-year period. One hundred and sixteen (60 male, 56 female) Japanese elite junior divers were included in this study. Parts of pain and injury incidence scene that the divers experienced were assessed by questionnaires during national training camps. Low back pain(LBP)was assessed by interviews, and physical examinations. The major findings were as follows: (1) Among all types of injuries, there was high prevalence of LBP (38.4%) in elite junior divers in Japan. (2) Most injuries occurred at the time of water entry.

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During shooting motion in water polo, the shooter is subjected to the fluid force. Therefore, through the use of the fluid force generated by moving upper limb and lower limb, it is important to keep own balance and deliver enough power to the ball. If we can analyze the dynamics of the shooting motion considering the fluid force and the interaction between the shooter and the ball, findings to increase the ball speed will be found out. The objective of this study was to develop the simulation model of shooting motion in water polo. For the objective, we constructed the simulation model and conducted experiment to obtain the data of shooting motion. We conducted a simulation by inputting experimental data into the simulation model and validated the model. As the result, this model was found to be effective.

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