In order to investigate the effect of physical exercise on gastrointestinal exocrine secretion, we examined changes in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glycerol, gastrin and cholecystokinin （CCK）during and after exercise in 6 healthy men. After overnight fasting for 12 hours, subjects ran on a treadmill at 50％, 75％, and 100％ of VO2 max for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of resting （recovery period）. Venous blood was sampled immediately before the exercise, at the end of the exercise, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes during the recovery period. The plasma levels of glucose and insulin significantly increased at 10 minutes into the recovery period in the 75％ and 100％VO2 max trials. The plasma glycerol significantly increased at the end of the exercise in every intensity. The peak value of the plasma glycerol in the 100％ VO2 max trial was the highest among the three trials. The plasma gastrin significantly increased at 10 minutes into the recovery period in every intensity. The peak value of the plasma gastrin in the 75％ VO2 max trial was the highest among the three trials. In the 100％ VO2 max trial, however, the plasma gastrin showed the same level of change as in the 50％ VO2 max trial. Changes in plasma CCK due to exercise showed no significant change throughout the experimental period in every intensity. These results suggest that low intensity exercise may promote gastric, but not pancreatic, exocrine secretion, however, maximal intensity exercise may suppress this promoted function in humans.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leg muscle strength and standing ability or walking ability in elderly people using cross-sectional data. Independently living elderly people who were 60 years or older （n=1041, Male 344, mean age 74.6 years, Female 697, mean age 72.3 years）volunteered to participate in this study. The functional fitness（Standing, Walking, Hand working, Self-care working） and leg muscle strength（knee joint extension in isometric contraction）were measured, and also pain on lower extremity（lumb, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint）was examined by medical doctor or public health nurse. Multiple regression analysis for relationship between leg muscle strength and standing ability or walking ability in elderly people was performed. Standing ability or walking ability was used as the dependent variable, and leg muscle strength as the independent variable. Age and the pain of lower extremity were adjusted for the relationship as confounding factors. The results were as follows ; 1 ）In both male and female, the simple correlation coefficients between age and leg muscle strength（male r=－0.458 p<0.01, female r=－0.295 p<0.01）, standing time（male r=－0.633 p<0.01, female r=－0.548p <0.01） or walking time（male r=－0.636 p<0.01, female r=－0.591 p<0.01）showed significant relationship, respectively. 2 ）In both male and female, the simple correlation coefficients between the leg muscle strength per body weight and standing time（male r=－0.499 p<0.01, female r=－0.440 p<0.01）or walking time （male r=－0.545 p<0.01, female r=－0.430 p<0.01）showed significant relationship, respectively. 3 ）In both male and female, multiple regression analysis showed significant the relationship between the leg muscle strength per body weight and standing time（male β=－0.263 p<0.001, femaleβ=－0.303 p<0.001）, and significant the relationship between the leg muscle strength per body weight and walking time（male β=－0.319 p<0.001, femaleβ=－0.280 p<0.001）. These results showed that strong leg muscle strength shows high standing ability and high walking ability independently with age and the pain of lower extremity. Therefore, it was suggested that the maintenance of leg muscle strength might to prevent the decline of standing and walking ability.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the fundamental factors for the development of a prevention program for life-style related diseases using a health examination and follow-up services in primary care setting for community health. The research subjects were 22 persons（4 males and 18 females）who had any factors for life-style related diseases in a health examination carried out in the 2001 fiscal year in a city. They included five persons（who judged as to be needed a lifestyle improvement by a medical doctor）, five public-health-service participants, and twelve members of self-promotion group in the community. For six months from October, 2001 to March, 2002, the program was provided through a regular （once a month）health learning class for 90 minutes per session. After the health examination, subjects were selected as a life-style related disease high-risked population. The health status was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire and a fitness test before and after the class. They set up the goal for change in behaviors individually with having the support from the health staffs. The program repeated practice of goal behavior, the target revision by individual consultation, and the group work in the classes. They consulted the health examination one year after. In the class, the participant learned how to exercise at home and self-monitoring method for exercise and dietary practices by receiving lectures and instructions concerning exercise and diet in daily life. The utility was evaluated by the implementation and the process of the program. The implementation was assessed by a participating rate（defined as the number of persons consulted the two health examinations divided by the numbers of the subjects）, an attendance rate（defined as the attendance times divided by six times）, and a submit rate（defined as the number of submitted sheets divided by five sheets）and an entry rate（defined as the number of entering days divided by one hundred forty days）of the self-monitoring sheets. The process was assessed by an attending rate（defined as the monthly number of attendants divided by the number of the subjects）, a collecting rate of the self-monitoring sheets（defined as the monthly number of the sheets collected divided by the number of the subjects）, and self-monitoring for exercise（daily average number of steps）. The effectiveness was assessed by the changes in behaviora（l the exercise and diet stage of change）, physical（the 3-minute walk distance）, and medical indices（the life-style instruction category）. The results obtained as follows: 1 ）The participating rate was 100％, mean（standard deviation）of the attendance rate was 82.6（20.9）％. 2 ）The submit rate and the entry rate of the self-monitoring sheets was 83.6（14.7）％ and 67.3（18.0）％, respectively. 3 ）The attending rate was 81.8％ at the first, 90.9％ at the second, 81.8％ at the third, 90.9％ at the fourth, 72.7％ at the fifth, and 77.3％ at the sixth class. The collecting rate was 90.9％ at the first, 95.5％ at the second, 100％ at the third, 81.8％ at the fourth, and 50.0％ at the fifth month. The mean（standard deviation）of daily average number of steps was 6784（2582）before the intervention, 8,198（2732）at the first, 6798（2121） at the second, 7171（2599）at the third, 7294（2140）at the fourth, and 7900（2760）at the fifth month. The main effect of time was not significant. 4 ）Those who improved the exercise and diet stage of change between before and after the intervention were three and seven subjects, respectively. There were no significant changes both in exercise（p=0.83）and in diet （p=0.29）behavior. 5 ）The 3-minute walk distance significantly increased after the intervention both in male（24m, p<0.01）and in female（20m, p=0.05）. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

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