In this paper, we introduce our original method of autologous nerve grafting for substitution of the mandibular nerve after mandibular resection in three subjects. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm served as a donor nerve, and the graft was imbedded microsurgically at the junctures using an epineurial nerve suture technique. Oversized grafts were chosen in order to insert them without tension in a space between the stumps of the recipient nerve and the regeneration zone of the bone. In all three subjects, sensibility of the lower lip and chin recovered completely after about ten months.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the harmonious facial profile before and after orthodontic treatment on permanent dentition and to determine the factors which influence lateral facial harmony. Materials were lateral Roentgen cephalograms from 150 subjects (25 males and 25 females each in 3 groups-maxillary protrusion, mandibular protrusion and crowding-) taken before and after treatment. The average age before treatment was 11 years and 6 months and, after treatment, was 14 years and 3 months. The term of active treatment was 2 years and 9 months. Lateral facial evaluation based on the external profile line was performed by a group of 40 persons which included dental students and the general public. In the 5 stage evaluation, each subject could receive from 40 to 200 points. The subjects with more than 121 points were classified in the harmonious group; those with less than 120 points were classified in the disharmonious group. Subjects who had been classified as disharmonious before treatment but became harmonious after treatment constituted the improved group. Subjects classified disharmonious before treatment who remained disharmonious after treatment constituted the unimproved group. The value of the overall harmonious group before treatment was 8.6% and, after treatment, was 36.6%. The increase in the percentage of cases classified as harmonious varied among the different occlusal types: for the mandibular protrusion, the value before treatment was 2% and after treatment was 32%, for crowding it was 18% before and 46% after treatment, and for maxillary protrusion, it was 6% before and 32% after treatment. The ratio of percentage in the harmonious group increased on every malocclusion group after treatment, suggesting the importance of orthodontic treatment for improvement of lateral facial harmony. Before treatment, the morphological conditions in the improved group were more advantageous than those in the unimproved group.

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The Y-specific short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism of the locus DYS19 was amplified by PCR and analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Among 119 DNA samples from Japanese males, five alleles were observed. When sequences of the products were compared, each allelic segment contained 13 to 17 GATA tetranucleotide repeats, and revealed no differences from the known allele (GenBank X77751) other than the number of tetranucleotide repeats. The most common allele in the Japanese population was allele 15, and the distribution of the alleles did not differ from the data from other regions in Japan but did differ from those of Caucasians. Amplification of the locus using 12 tooth samples as a source of DNA matched the patterns obtained from blood samples.

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Pleomorphic adenomas with a nuclear palisading arrangement of spindle-shaped modified myoepithelial cells (MMCs), suggesting the appearance of palisading leiomyoma or Antoni's A type of neurilemmoma, are quite rare, and its cytologic nature has been poorly understood. This paper reports histologic and immunohistochemical findings of palisading MMCs in two cases of pleomorphic adenoma. Histologically, foci of spindle-shaped MMCs with nuclei in a palisading arrangement were scattered in the myxoid areas. Near the large foci of spindle-shaped MMCs with nuclear palisading arrangements, tiny foci of spindle-shaped MMCs forming nuclear palisading or rosettelike arrangements were seen. Such nuclear palisading arrangements of MMCs were suggestive of differentiation or transformation of MMCs into cells that were more smooth muscle in nature, supported by occasional existence of palisading leiomyoma in the myometrium and gastrointestinal tract. However, immunohistochemical findings of palisading MMCs in pleomorphic adenoma were similar to those of non-palisading MMCs, and showed no evidence of smooth muscle differentiation; neither palisading nor non-palisading MMCs in pleomorphic adenoma expressed desmin, muscle specific actin (HHF-35), alpha smooth muscle actin, or myoglobin. The biologic significance and formative mechanism of nuclear palisading arrangement of MMCs in pleomorphic adenoma could not be determined in the present study. However, if the MMCs with nuclear palisading arrangements in pleomorphic adenoma, presented here, are aspirated for cytologic diagnosis or are included in a small biopsy specimen, the correct diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma may be confused by a suspicion of myogenic or neurogenic tumor.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a harmonious profile and normal occlusion, differences between good and poor groups, and the characteristics of a good group from normal occlusion group and after orthodontic treatment groups. The sample included 60 subjects with normal occlusion (normal subjects) and 88 after orthodontic treatment subjects (orthodontic subjects). Evaluators were 20 students and 20 orthodontists from Tokyo Dental College. For the purpose of profile evaluation, normal and orthodontic subjects were classified into 3 groups (good, mediocre, and poor) based in their external profile lines. Lateral Roentgen-cephalograms were used to measure hard and soft tissues. Mean values and Student's t-test were calculated statistically. Results: 1. The frequencies of the good and poor subjects were similar in both normal subjects and orthodontic subjects. When considering the mediocre group, however, the normal subjects were more likely to have a better profile than the other subjects.
2. There were differences in hard tissues between the good group and the poor group in both the normal subjects and the orthodontic subjects, but only slight differences in soft tissues.
3. In the good groups of both normal and orthodontic subjects (all subjects), the edges of the upper and lower central incisors and upper and lower lips retruded, the ratio of upper facial height to total facial height was greater and the chin region was thicker than in the poor group. Additionally, in the good group of normal subjects, the maxilla protruded and the anteroposterior difference between the maxilla and mandible was larger.

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the hardness values of the hybrid layer and its surroundings through the continuous use of a microhardness measuring device. Black's Class V cavities were prepared in nine dog teeth. The cavities were divided into four groups according to the dentin adhesive system applied. The adhesive systems were: “Bond One System”, “Liner Bond II Σ System”, “One Step System”, and “Single Bond System”. The treated teeth were observed at seven days post-application. Specimens were cross-sectioned perpendicularly or horizontally to the resin-dentin interface and embedded in epoxy resin. Their surfaces were polished. The microhardness of the resindentin bonding area was measured with a nano-indentation tester. The hardness values at a point of 10μm distant from the interface in the direction of the dentin differed between systems. It appeared that this was influenced by the presence of the decalcified dentin not impregnated by resin, differences in the chemistry forming the hybrid layer, and the composition of the bonding resin. The hardness of the dentin-bonding interface and its surroundings was determined, and these areas were observed using SEM. Three layers were confirmed the healthy dentin layer, the composite resin layer, and the hybrid layer, (in which decalcified dentin impregnated by resin and that not impregnated by resin are considered to be mix). In the hybrid layer, no impression was found by SEM although the hardness in the bonding interface was significantly different. These layers appear to be more elastic and softer than the healthy dentin.

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