We study the space of bilinear differential operators on weighted densities as a module over sl$(2, \mathbb{R})$. We introduce the corresponding space of symbols and we prove the existence and the uniqueness of canonical projective equivariant symbol and quantization maps.

We formulate the notion of cleft extensions in the Hopf-Galois theory in the framework of algebraic geometry. The unit group scheme of the algebra of a finite flat group scheme plays a key role.

Let $M$ be a quaternionic manifold, $\dim M=4k$, whose twistor space is a Fano manifold. We prove the following:

(a) $M$ admits a reduction to Sp$(1)\times{\rm GL}(k,\mathbb{H})$ if and only if $M=\mathbb{H}P^k$,

(b) either $b_2(M)=0$ or $M=\mathrm{Gr}_2(k+2,\mathbb{C})$.

This generalizes results of S. Salamon and C. R. LeBrun, respectively, who obtained the same conclusions under the assumption that $M$ is a complete quaternionic-Kähler manifold with positive scalar curvature.

A Gorenstein polytope of index $r$ is a lattice polytope whose $r$th dilate is a reflexive polytope. These objects are of interest in combinatorial commutative algebra and enumerative combinatorics, and play a crucial role in Batyrev's and Borisov's computation of Hodge numbers of mirror-symmetric generic Calabi-Yau complete intersections. In this paper we report on what is known about smooth Gorenstein polytopes, i.e., Gorenstein polytopes whose normal fan is unimodular. We classify $d$-dimensional smooth Gorenstein polytopes with index larger than $(d+3)/3$. Moreover, we use a modification of Øbro's algorithm to achieve classification results for smooth Gorenstein polytopes in low dimensions. The first application of these results is a database of all toric Fano $d$-folds whose anticanonical divisor is divisible by an integer $r$ satisfying $r \geq d-7$. As a second application we verify that there are only finitely many families of Calabi-Yau complete intersections of fixed dimension that are associated to a smooth Gorenstein polytope via the Batyrev-Borisov construction.

Two differentiable pinching theorems are verified via the Ricci flow and stable currents. We first prove a differentiable sphere theorem for positively pinched submanifolds in a space form. Moreover, we obtain a differentiable sphere theorem for submanifolds in the sphere $\mathbb{S}^{n+p}$ under extrinsic restriction.

We study an initial boundary value problem for the $p$-Laplace equation with a strong absorption. We are concerned with the dead-core behavior of the solution. First, some criteria for developing dead-core are given. Also, the temporal dead-core rate for certain initial data is determined. Then we prove uniqueness theorem for the backward self-similar solutions.

We present a criterion for multiplicity-freeness of the decomposition of the restriction $\mathrm{Res}^G_H(\rho_1 \otimes \rho_2)$ of the Kronecker product of two generic irreducible representations $\rho_1, \rho_2$ of a finite group $G$ with respect to a subgroup $H \leq G$. This constitutes a generalization of a well-known criterion due to Mackey (which corresponds to the case $H = G$). The corresponding harmonic analysis is illustated by detailed computations on the Clifford groups $G=\mathbb{CL}(n)$, together with the subgroups $H=\mathbb{CL}(n-1)$, for $n \geq 1$, which lead to an explicit decomposition of the restriction of Kronecker products.

We prove that Cesàro means of one-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series are uniformly bounded operators in the martingale Hardy space $H_p$ for $0 < p < 1/(1+\alpha).$

We show that the derived category of coherent sheaves on the quotient stack of the affine plane by a finite small subgroup of the general linear group is obtained from the derived category of coherent sheaves on the minimal resolution by adding a semiorthogonal summand with a full exceptional collection. The proof is based on an explicit construction in the abelian case, together with the analysis of the behavior of the derived categories of coherent sheaves under root constructions.

We show a congruence theorem for oriented Lorentzian surfaces with horizontal reflector lifts in pseudo-Riemannian space forms of neutral signature. As a corollary, a characterization theorem is obtained for the Lorentzian Boruvka spheres, that is, a full real analytic null $r$-planar geodesic immersion with vanishing mean curvature vector field is locally congruent to the Lorentzian Boruvka sphere in a 2$r$-dimensional space form of neutral signature.