In Ookuma-cho, in which Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station is located, 96 percent of all the residents are separated from their hometown, since their dwelling places are designated as the ʻdifficult-to-return zone’ by the government, because of high degree of radioactive contamination by the nuclear power plant disaster. Nowadays, they are becoming refugees and being abandoned rapidly under a series of neoliberalist reconstruction policies. In addition, they are exposed to the ʻviolence’ in the form of oblivion and obliged to the ‘shared despair.ʼ However, we are convinced that they would follow the way to revive their lives in quest of the ‘right to live.ʼ
 Now, the purpose of this paper is to follow a variety of individual refugees who are going to restore the ‘snatched place’ by making F saloon as an example and by focusing on the ‘interaction as a relation’ which has been spread horizontally and changing continuously. We also follow up the development of ‘emergent community.ʼ
 At the same time, this paper will examine how community-discourses are sifting and producing new phases.

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 This research takes up the disaster volunteer activity in Miyagi Minamisanrikui-cho which suffered serious damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake, the new subject about a disaster volunteer activity is investigated Huge tsunami destroyed the town of the area along the shore completely.
 The disaster volunteer activity in this scene is faced with a different new subject from the activity repeated after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. The disaster volunteer center established for a long time. A new volunteer activity （fisheries support and -agriculture support）. Collaboration with the volunteer organization （NPO／NGO） and social welfare council. Overlap of the above-mentioned new subject and past subject is demanding concrete action as the issue which should be learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake.

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 This article examines volunteer, relief activity and recovery policy in the 1995 Great Hanshin and Awaji Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The Great Hanshin and Awaji Earthquake was called as volunteer revolution, and thereafter it caused to activate a civil sphere in Japan. The Great East Japan Earthquake was a chance to reveal whether or not this activation had resulted in Japanese civil society. In this article, we will discuss about any conditions for Japanese society to become a civil society, investigating the relief activity and the recovery policy of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident. It seems to need an establishment of local self-government, an adequate use of science to policy and a political operation of civil activities for the Japanese society to realize a civil society in truth.

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 The aim of this paper is to show the position of the Southeast-Asian metropolitan area among the worldʼs urban system and the new international division of labor. In these days, the urban population of the world is increasing and a lot of huge metropolitan areas are formed in Asia. However, it has not been discussed in previous studies on the problem of why the metropolitan areas are formed in Asian rather than in the other developing countries. The author analyzes the reason with the status of industrial products exporting country of Asian countries. As a result, the author focuses on geopolitical and global economic factors, domestic working environment factors and agri-economic system of the pre-industrial and population distribution factors.

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 This paper shows that the lives of settlers of Konsen Pilot Farm in Hokkaido from first settlement to today, specially focusing on a woman settler who has engaged in dairy farming and household affairs and made up various cultural activities. These activities promoted that family relationships went on smoothly and the stability of family life in dairy farming. Moreover, these activities put place for communication between the same generation and the different generations. Accordingly, the new life culture is created in dairy farming settlement, and works positively to sustain of the community.

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 This study reviews “Principle of Agriculture (Nōgyō Honron)” by Nitobe Inazō, which expresses an important position in his agricultural theory. We throw light on its role as a forerunner, focusing on its monographic research scope and its holistic perspective on peasants. In addition, we pay attention to the “Ruriology”, his grasp of rural-urban relations, his assertion about the “balanced growth of agriculture, industry and commerce”, and his analysis of peasants’ psychology.
 Nitobe could grasp peasants’ psychology etc. at that time, based on his egalitarian perspectives on human beings. From that holistic perspective, he was able to make a clear distinction from the centralized-top perspective, which was used to civilize peasants by the national government.
 Such attitudes are relating to the “Ruriology” and his grasp of rural-urban relations. Nitobeʼs agricultural theory is positioned as a forerunner of the endogenous development theory and the monographic study of the Japanese rural sociology.

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 The aim of this paper is to show, by studying newspaper articles, the social construction of responsibility of the school for “Ijime” cases. I chose the articles on Ogawa Junior High School case where a student committed suicide in 1985. This case is said that it arose from “Ijime”. It is the first case where the judge ruled that the school had been liable for “Ijime”. I showed that people told their experience or their anxiety that the intimate boy or girl would become a victim of bullying. They made claims that the school had hidden “Ijime” (“Ijime Kakushi”), that the school had not been able to prevent “Ijime”, and that the school had not done the duty.

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 The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, I compare educational expectations between children who experienced family disruption and those with continuously married parents. Second, hypotheses regarding the effects of family structure on educational outcomes are tested.
 The data used in this study comes from a nationally representative sample of junior high school students and their parents (or guardians). The results provide strong evidence that children with divorced/widowed/remarried parents, compared with their counterparts with continuously married parents, report lower educational expectations. Not only single motherhood due to divorce but single fatherhood and parental remarriage are negatively associated with childrenʼs educational expectations. The association remains statistically significant when control variables are held constant. The findings are most consistent with the family stress hypothesis that emphasizes the importance of family stability for childrenʼs educational outcomes.

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