We have developed a new motion detecting method for nonstandard speed play of a composite VTR. We introduce a new technique using temporal filter for nonstandard speed play and motion detection by level comparison. A picture quality in nonstandard speed play of VTR has been improved by using this method and motion-adaptive inter-field signal processing.

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We have developed a motion-adaptive field conversion system for D-2 VTR. It is realized by a combination of a Y/C separation technique and a line-interpolation technique which adaptively use inter-field signals. Using those techniques, picture quality of nonstandard speed play as good as that of normal play has been obtained.

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High resolution images may be subdivided such that digital component video recorders can store images beyond broadcast quality. Whilst real time operation is not achieved the benefits of workstation independent viewing of stored data offers the user many advantages.

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For simplification of fabricating ac plasma displays, MgO films will come to be formed by means of a sputtering method and thick-film printing technology. In the present work, ac-PDPs with MgO films printed by a screen printing method were prepared and the basic characteristics were measured.

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The information on ultraviolet ray emission, especially 1470A, radiated from Xe (1s4), is important for full-color PDPs, because the UV rays are used for excitation of phosphors. In this paper, we investigated the discharge characteristics of Ne+Xe in the case of pulse discharge plasma afterglow.

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The barrier electrode ac plasma displays by applying transmissive, reflective, and hybrid of transmissive and reflective phosphor deposition are fabricated and compared the respective characteristics of luminance and luminous efficiency. As a result, very high luminance, 800cd/m^2 and luminous efficiency, 1.5lm/W were obtained.

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This paper proposes a new addressing method for reducing write discharge current in a gas-discharge pulse memory panel, which produces the improvement of life. The addressing method using a combination of ac and dc type write discharges is capable of reducing write discharge current by 40% with a good memory margin.

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A new pulse memory drive scheme has been devised which makes driver circuits simple and allows reduction of the energy required to charge and discharge panel capacitance. This is done by supplying sustain pulses only to scan electrodes and by driving auxiliary anodes with pulses.

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This system automatically adjusts the static convergence drift that springs from change of temperature, influence of terrestrial magnetism and etc. when we use projectors. The system can automatically keep the convergence drift within the range of less than 0.067% of a picture hight. It takes no more than 255sec. to complete the adjustment.

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We used to the luminance distribution of the color picture element for horizontal definition improvement, and applied to the vertical velocity modulation for vertical definition improvement. We got the result to high definition picture on the color CRT by the luminance distribution of step pattern, and the subjective evaluation to standerd pictures.

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The picture quality is influenced by the tone reproduction characteristics, which varies with types of displays and with ambient light. The characteristics are examined for some types of HDTV displays. The improvement of picture quality is examined by changing the tone reproduction characteristics with newly developed equipment.

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Thermally addressed liquid crystal displays are prepared using polymer dispersed liquid crystal films which have highly transparent memory states. Thermal images can be written in positive and negative modes by using a YAG laser beam, and local erasure and rewriting are possible in both modes. A thermal printer head can also be used to write.

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A new low image-lag digital LCTV has been developed. The response time of 17mS, which is sufficient for TV specifications, has been achieved by a new drive method. In addition, in order to reduce noise occurred by this method, a new noise reduction method has been proposed. As a result, a high image quality has been realized.

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We have realized a new LC-Display which can reproduce 5-bits TV picture on a common 10-in. computer-use LC-panel with 3-bits digital drivers. The marginal horizontal resolution of its TV picture hardly decreases by using a new technique named "Alternating-Dither-Method".

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Antenna characteristics of an unpaired rectangular microstrip patch antenna receiving satellite broadcasting are studied. The antenna is shown to have the efficiency almost equal to that of the paired microstrip patch antenna.

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A 12GHz-band monolithic four-stage low-noise amplifier was successfully demonstrated. This MMIC amplifier is based on pulse-doped GaAs MESFET technology with 0.3μm gate. A noise figure of 1.1dB and a gain of 26dB at 12GHz with VSWR matches of less than 1.6 were achieved.

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In a tuner which receives TV and BS-IF signals, intermodulation interferences are occurred by combination of those input signals and local oscillation signals. In this paper, frequency relations of interferences and suppression method of the interferences are described in case of a single super-heterodyne tuner.

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Improvement of temperature characteristics of a wideband optical isolator for 1.5μm wavelength has been developed using Bi-substituted terbium iron garnet (TbBiIG) single crystal as a Faraday rotator. The optical isolator features 0.2μm bandwidth, 0.4dB insertion loss and 34dB backward loss at a wavelength of 1.5μm.

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We have developed a PCM optical transmission system that can transmit 24 NTSC video channels and 48 audio channels on a 2.4Gbps optical carrier. This equipment uses a newly developed multiplexing/demultiplexing LSI chip set featuring high speed, small size, and low power consumption. Allowable optical transmission loss of 25dB, S/Nuw of 50dB, DG of 3%, DP of 2°were achieved and no deterioration of quality was observed after transmission over 50 kilometers of single-mode fiber.

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This is the CATV design-supporting system to layout automatically the suitable components, to facilitate solving of TV reception troubles, based on the basic data such as the subscribers' information (a cordinate of safety box and a direction of input terminal) and the routing of cables.

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This system enables to monitor TV pictures at the monitor terminals, converting the video signals into one specified channel, by switching the channel there, to utilize the transmission capacity of up-stream in 2-way CATV system.

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This system facilitates monitoring the status of the terminal picture at the CATV center. The terminal has a variable converter, which selects each channel by receiving the control signal coming down from the head-end equipment, and the output signal of the converter are transmitted to the center, converting into the up-stream signal.

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We have developped a new 960MHz STL for AM stereo broadcasting. In 200KHz band, it transmits the right and left sound signals and the control signal. It can be connected to a 3.4GHz STL.

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We make up the new FM stereo modulator applying digital signal processing. It is necessary for total digitization from the studio equipments to the transmitter. Various kinds of processing are realized by DSP's with smaller circuit.

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The broadband 800W power amplifier for a UHF TV transmitter is presented. This amplifier covers the frequency range of 470〜800MHz with two types of amplifiers, and also can be used for a spare unit of a channel proper type amplifier since both broadband and channel proper type amplifiers are fully compatible in external measurements and specifications.

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This paper describes the 10kW VHF television transmitting system which is one of the new series. This is the 2-way system can be switched from the pararell (10KW) to the single (8kW) mode, and vice versa, without power stoppage.

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We report here VHF (BandI) 50kW television transmitting system for overseas which consists of 3 sets of 25kW FET power amplifier, and has high reliability and redundancy.

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To improve the reliability of TV transmitters by reducing the number of parts, we used PLD's in the logic circuits of a new type TV transmitter system

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This paper describes a all solid state UHF 30kW TV transmitting system. The system consists of 2 sets of newly designed 15kW transistor power amplifiers for visual and 2 sets of existing 3.75kW transistor power amplifiers for aural in parallel running.

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This report describes a modification on existing 50kW UHF television transmitting system at University of the air foundation. This transmitting system is biggest scale among in the domestic stations which applied high redundancy. The modification has been accomplished by employing parallel operating system selected two transmitters of three, each transmitter has one klystron power amplifier for visual and solid-state power amplifiers for aural.

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Developing the new lightning sensor is used for the warning alarm beforehand with static induction from the lightning will be approaching the transmitting station. This equipment forecasted the lightning circumstances by using the calculation result of the sarge pulse length and clock pulse timing on CPU. This paper describe the calculation process in this equipment.

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We report here under our newly developed stand-by TV transmitting system. This system is installed away from the main transmitting station, and start automatically, when the main transmitting system should fail.

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Poly Loop Antenna is a new type of UHF broadcasting antenna derived from both "Ladder-Type Loop Antenna" and "Tetracene-Type Antenna" which we published before. This antenna has a structure of directry stacked two "Wavelength Circumference Loop Antenna" or more. The folloing explanations are how poly loop antenna works.

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We evaluated the picture quality of band-limited stereoscopic Hi-Vision images, which were mathematically drawn to contain much stimulative ingredients for the human visual system. Throughout the tests, it became clear that these images are better evaluated when three-dimensionally indicated than when two-dimensionally indicated.

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In this paper, an objective picture quality scale for high definition still picture coded by the JPEG scheme is studied. The scale is derived from the following three distortion factors- 1) weighted noise 2) block distortion 3) mosquito noise. The objective picture quality scale and experimentally obtained subjective picture quality show a good coincidence for various pictures.

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The effect of Gaussian noise on TV picture degradation were studied. Two kinds of still pictures and four kinds of moving picture were used in our opinion tests. The disturbance was subjectively evaluated. The tendency of the picture degradation against the every pictures was almost the same.

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In this paper, three types of color pixel arrangements for matrix display devices are evaluated. First Nyquist limit frequency based on inverse lattices of the pixel arrangements are shown. Then visual resolution limits are obtained by subjectively evaluating still and moving black & white sinusoidal patterns having various kinds of Gaussian noise displayed on simulated pixels, and the influence of the noise on image resolution is discussed.

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Psychological effects on dynamic presentation of letters are examined by subjective rating of seven categories. Dynamic presentations are flashes, rolling, scroll, trail, wipe, bullet, center-out, fade-in, dissolving, et al. Subjects indicate that the impressions of dynamic presentations are mainly powerfullness, joyfullness and attractivity, however static presentation is more visible and comprehensible than dynamic presentations.

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In order to obtain suggestions for the application to neural networks, we investigated the recognition characteristics of time durations experimentally. The results indicate that the recognition error of time duration less than 10.0 seconds increases in proportion to the about 0.8th power of duration.

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The multi-channnel mechanism in color vision was experimentally studied. Channel characteristics for the color combination of blue-yellow were measured using a method called a masking method. The existence of two channels for normal subjects was found.

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Two current UCSs do not truly express the distance between perceived colors. To assist practical use, the distortion of the u'-v' diagram, for example, was quantified using chromatic contrast data. The result showed that a 3rd order transformation in u' value and a 4th order transformation in v' were necessary to maintain a linear relation between the inducing stimulus and the induced perception. THe shape and size of MacAdam's ellipses were improved by transformations to the u"-v" space.

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We studied on the improvement of 3-D image quality in comparison with 2-D. The 3-D image quality is superior to 2-D image in a case, but they are the same in the other two cases. It depends on the parallax between the images.

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Depth discrimination characteristic of human vision system was investigated by measuring the limiting resolving number of target/unit length in depth. The number fairly coincides the cut off frequency of OTF in depth introduced at the preceding paper.

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To investigate the effect of aging on vergence eye movement, we measured changes in the binocular eye movement of subjects when fixation points are changed from far/near or from near/far in symmetric vergence and asymmetric vergence. There tended to be increases in latency, time constants and the number of saccades and decreases in convergence angle changes in the young (below 10 years old) and aged (over 60 years old) subjects. These results suggest that young subjects do not have a completely developed vergence controlling mechanism, and the performance of this mechanism decreases in aged subjects.

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The human visual system works well, although an occlusion causes incongruity between the left retinal image and the right one. So, binocular eye movements were measured to investigate how humans see a limb when limb-occlusion occurs. The two cases of whether an object had a texture or not, that is, an occlusion is perceived or not, were tested. The following conjectures resulted : Humans tend to shift each eye's fixation-point to outward, when limb-occlusion is perceived. Limb-occlusion has a greater effect than the depth discontinuity due to differences of visual distance.

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Binocular eye movements of subjects viewing random dot stereogram target were measured. Dynamic characteristics of vergence movement have an effect on perception time of random dot stereogram which have large discontinuity of disparity.

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A great number of uncertainities are included in behavior of the eyes. So far, a factor of causing the saccadic eye movements has not explicitly been found. To elucidate the possible factor, visual experiments are performed : different textures in a large display are presented to the subjects with the eye-tracker for 20 seconds, who are instructed to evaluate the given images by four properties of textures, i.e., "complexity", "coarseness", "contrast", and "strength". At the same time, their two-dimensional eye-displacements are analyzed by the Maximum Entropy Method(MEM). The MEM is applied to 0.5-second segmented data sets of the 20-second data in order to understand a time-sequential behavior of the eye movements. The results show that eye movements are induced by specific features of the images. It is suggested that this finding should be able to utilize for the objective evaluation in addition to the conventional subjective evaluation.

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To clarify the role of fixation points in human character recognition, subject's eye movements were measured while he was observing a briefly exposed character. It was found that more than 100ms exposure time was necessary to recognize a character. However, it is still not clear whether the result of recognition affects the fixation points.

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THe relationship between fixation duration and the quantity of visual information received during actual eye movement was studied by masking on experimental subject's central vision at various times after he had fixated there. The mask varied in size, and these experiments showed that enough visual information to count the number of circles embedded in distractors was acquired within 33 ms. The distribution of fixation duration varied according to the onset of masking, suggesting that eye movements were triggered by the masking of central vision and the processing during fixation was quickened.

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Smooth pursuit eye movement system shows different control characteristics according to the types of target motion. Frequency characteristics were measured using combinations of various two frequency sinusoidal waves. The gain reduction and the phase lead were observed for lower frequency components. Results suggest taht the smooth pursuit system adaptively changes its characteristics-presumably the stiffness of extraocular muscles-to effectively responds to a target motion.

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