Even before modern international law was developed, disputes relating to wetlands have arisen. For example, floods and droughts have always been caused disputes over the river. So far, many domestic policy measures and, when necessary, international measures against disputes have been taken up. This paper focuses on three points: Firstly, what measures have been undertaken in domestic policy, especially in Japan, in order to settle water conflict. Secondly, how the Ramsar Convention, one of the international treaties conserving wetland, tackles with the floods and droughts disputes in recent years. Thirdly, how evolutionary interpretation of bilateral and multilateral treaties relating to the conservation of wetland works in the settlement of such disputes. As a whole, it considers how the guidelines that have been adopted under the Ramsar Convention works for effective implementation of the Convention.
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