In this study, to help basic researches on nondestructive measurement of synthetic and natural polymer materials consisting mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, I confirmed the linearity between density and brightness values of carbon materials as reference materials for dual-energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and then determined the equation to derive the carbon equivalent density from the brightness values of various materials. From the X-ray beam dependence of the carbon equivalent density of various materials, I examined whether it is possible to determine the mass ratio of oxygen in the materials. It was shown that the mass ratio of oxygen in various plastic materials has a linear relationship with the carbon equivalent density ratio and that this principle can be applied to the determination of the mass ratio of oxygen in various plastic materials, but it was found that it is difficult to determine the mass ratio of oxygen in wood in the same way. The reason for this was thought to be a problem with the assumption that wood is composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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The purpose of this study was to update the future projections of equilibrium moisture content of wood presented in the previous report based on the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. First, the future projections in the previous report were compared with the subsequent actual values, and the validity of the projection method in the previous report was examined. Next, following the forecasting method in the previous report, future projections of the annual average equilibrium moisture content of wood to the year 2100 were conducted based on the latest scenarios. Although the equilibrium moisture content of wood in various regions of Japan fell generally within the range predicted in the previous report during the 22-year period from 2001 to 2022, the slope of the decline was somewhat slower than predicted, suggesting that the method used in the previous report may slightly overestimate the equilibrium moisture content in the future. The equilibrium moisture content of wood will continue to decline at least until mid-century, and unless CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially over the next few decades, equilibrium moisture content will decline by more than 1.5 to 2 percentage points during the 21st century.

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For a previously proposed measurement system for the permeability of wood panels, I have modified the system so that an arbitrary pressure below atmospheric pressure can be applied to both ends of the measurement specimen. The repeatedly measured flow rate of a non-permeable material using this measurement system showed a very small variation under some specific pressure conditions. Assuming that the measurement result of the non-permeable material was the leakage amount of the measurement system, an equation was determined to estimate the leakage amount of the measurement system as a function of the differential pressure between the both ends of the specimen. By subtracting this equation from the measurement results of each sample, I found that the permeability can be determined even for extremely low permeability samples that could not be measured before. This is expected to be useful for research on the gas permeability of wood materials.

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The purpose of this study was to derive the specific heat capacities of several representative wood adhesives as a function of temperature. Phenolic resin adhesives, urea resin adhesives, melamine-urea co-condensation resin adhesives, water-based polymer-isocyanate adhesives, resorcinol resin adhesives, and one-component polyurethane adhesives were prepared and cured as per the manufacturer's recommended instructions to obtain bulk cured products of each adhesive. The specific heat of each adhesive was measured every 10 °C in the range of -20 °C to 60 °C using a differential scanning calorimeter; the temperature range selected was wider than that experienced in day-to-day life.

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[in Japanese]

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In respond to a trend of science policy in Japan, authors' copyrights in journal articles under a background of in science and technology is reported.

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The 'Berlin Declaration' was published in 2003 as a guideline to policy makers to promote the Internet as a functional instrument for a global scientific knowledge base. Because knowledge is derived from data, the principles of the 'Berlin Declaration' should apply to data as well. Today, to scientific data is hampered by structural deficits in the publication process. Data publication needs to offer authors an incentive to publish data through long-term repositories. Data publication also requires an adequate licence model that protects the intellectual property rights of the author while allowing further use of the data by the scientific community.

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With the remarkable progress in computing resources and machine learning methodologies in recent years, expectations for the development of computational toxicology tools have increased further. The expected contributions of these tools to drug safety research include prediction of toxicity (on-target toxicity/off-target toxicity), elucidation of toxicity mechanisms, and improvement of the accuracy of toxicity assessment.

In this presentation, I would like to introduce the

- Computational Toxicology Tools that we have established and discuss the issues that have been identified through these researches.

Acknowledgment

These researches are supported by AMED under Grant Number 19nk0101103h0005 and 21nk0101111h0102.

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movement is a hot issue in a recent Library and Information Science. This article analyzed 'the Budapest Initiative (BOAI),' which triggered the movement. First, this article introduced the foundation, 'the Society Institute (OSI),' which has proposed and supported BOAI, and its founder, George Soros. We also surveyed their philosophical basis, the concept of ' Society' -Karl R. Popper advocated. In addition, we revealed that BOAI was affected by the concept of ' Society'. Second, we revealed how people accepted the concept of ' Society' by quantitative analysis of literatures about . As a result, it was revealed that while OSI participated to the movements to achieve the concept of ' Society' people in movement have not referred to OSI's intention.

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This article introduces the portal site for the (OA) movement of Japan. The foundation, contents and usage of the Japan, along with actual data are described. OA has been changing rapidly in the world; thus, the Japanese medical library community must cooperate with Japan to deal with this movement.

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The purpose of this article is to show the overview of . Firstly, the definition, the assumption, methods of are reviewed. Secondly, based on the results of investigation on the status of in biomedical field, I argue that was achieved under an umbrella of existing scholarly communication systems. Lastly, the definition of is examined from a broader perspective.

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Author introduces a vision and current issues of and Science with some backgrounds. Both are hot policy issues all over the world and getting recognized among researchers gradually. Towards new paradigm and a platform for next generation of scientific research activities and publishing systems, learned societies and its members, with other various stakeholders, should reframe their strategy with redefining of their mission.

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This paper investigates effects of trade liberalization and policies on deforestation.The analysis is conducted by extending a small economy model with - renewable resources developed by Brander and Taylor (1997a, b, 1998).This paper endogenizes the carrying capacity of the renewable resource by linking it to the “base resource, ” e.g., land.Contribution of land to the growth of terrestrial renewable resources has also been recognized in the literature on biodiversity (Swanson, 1993;Schulz, 1996;Barbier and Schulz, 1997).In my model, the resource extraction sector competes for the base resource as well as for another factor, i.e., labour, with the other sector (agriculture).This changes some of the key implications of the Brander-Taylor model.In the original Brander-Taylor model, trade liberalization causes the resource stock in the resource abundant country to decrease and it in the resource scarce country to increase.In my model, by contrast, trade liberalization may increase the forest stock in the resource abundant country and may decrease the forest stock in the resource scarce country.It is also shown that policies primarily aimed at protecting the forest stock, such as import restrictions by importing countries and forest certification for well-managed forest, may have perverse effects on the forest stock.

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As an important part of the science and technology infrastructure platform of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the Scientific Data Sharing Program in 2002. Twenty-four government agencies now participate in the Program. After five years of hard work, great progress has been achieved in the policy and legal framework, data standards, pilot projects, and international cooperation. By the end of 2005, one-third of the existing public-interest and basic scientific databases in China had been integrated and upgraded. By 2020, China is expected to build a more user-friendly scientific data management and sharing system, with 80 percent of scientific data available to the general public. In order to realize this objective, the emphases of the project are to perfect the policy and legislation system, improve the quality of data resources, expand and establish national scientific data centers, and strengthen international cooperation. It is believed that with the opening up of to scientific data in China, the Program will play a bigger role in promoting science and national innovation.

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This paper presents field experiments on -loop transmit diversity in downlink OFDM based radio conducted in a measurement course in Yokosuka city near Tokyo. The experimental results obtained under actual propagation channel conditions show that Space Frequency Block Code (SFBC) and the combination of SFBC and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) (or Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD)) are the most promising -loop transmit diversity schemes for two- and four-antenna transmission, respectively, from the viewpoint of the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR).

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