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  • 外川 健一
    資源と素材
    2002年 118 巻 9 号 579-587
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2006/03/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper analyzes characteristics of a Cycle Economy, a key concept of today's Japanese environmental policy. In a Cycle Economy, the width of the cycle or loop may be neglected. Then it is important to design the spatial management system of wastes and post consumer goods from the view point of economic geography.
    Considering the location of industrial nodes, it is important to establish how efficient this industry collects waste and develops the markets of recycled goods. The Japanese government has adopted the Eco-Town Project to develop a vein industry. Administrative intervention is required to support the Eco-town project as a trial to overcome various regulations. Next the paper discusses five aspects of agglomeration of the Kitakyushu Eco Town Project.
    Until the 1980s, the disposal of End of Life Vehicles (ELV) was considered unproblematic in Japan. But in recent years, as environmental problems have attracted increasing attention, the processing of ELV has become a critical environmental issue. Discarded ELV represent a serious source of waste generation and pollution. After the EU Directive on ELV was published, the Japanese government has considered an ELV Recycling Act. In the EU Directive, producers must take back the ELV free of charge. To solve the problems, especially how to process ASR, the Japanese government requested car producers to take back ASR using EPR consideration. The EPR is the concept that manufacturers and importers of products should bear a significant burden of responsibility for the environmental impact of their products throughout the product life-cycle. This includes the upstream impact of materials selection, the impact of the manufacturing process itself, and the downstream impact from the use and disposal of end of life products. Producers accept responsibility when they design products to minimize the life-cycle environmental impact, and when they accept legal, physical, and socio-economic responsibility for environmental impact that cannot be estimated by the design alone.
  • 福本 潤也, 後藤 雄太
    土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学)
    2011年 67 巻 4 号 390-407
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
     2004年に国土交通省の下に「自動車の検査・点検整備に関する基礎調査検討会」が設けられた.同検討会は自動車検査証の有効期間延長の社会的影響について推計・試算を行い,有効期間の延長が自動車の安全確保と環境保全に甚大な悪影響を及ぼすと結論づけた.しかし,同検討会の推計・試算で重要な位置づけを占める自動車の不具合率の推計は様々な問題を抱えている.本研究では,同検討会の推計が抱える問題を克服するハザード・モデルを提案する.同検討会が不具合率の推計に用いたデータを使用してハザード・モデルのパラメータを推計する.推計結果に基づき,同検討会による社会的影響の推計・試算結果が過大推計であった可能性を指摘する.
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