渦流の影響を減ずる方法として、その領域に障碍物を置くことを考へ、障碍物の位置、大きさ、形が果して而も如何なる程度の効果を示すか、この点を実験に依て明らかにし、且その効果を、單純急擴大流の場合の渦の中心の位置と関聯して考察したものである。

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In spite of many experimental researches, no surfaces which strictly obey _??_ambert's cosine law have been found. On the other hand, no theory for the explanation of the diffuse reflexion phenomena, seems to have been successful. In such circumstances, Pokrowski^{(5), (6)} proposed a theory and deduced a formula for the total reflecting power of a diffuse surface, where R means the amount of energy reflected back to the former space by the surface when the initial incident light of unit intensity hits the surface for the first time; and R₁, the rate of reflexion of the surface for individual rays of light coming back outwards from the inner portion of a medium.
After some analysis of his theory, we come to a conclusion that the procedure he took, is similar to that of computation for the reflexion of pile of plates which is sometimes used in order to obtain the polarized light in optics. Therefore, his computation should be able to be compared to the well-known formula for pile of transparent plates, when we assume the case of no absorption of energy in the scattering medium. Here, we can point out his calculation may need some revise; for, he took only the reflected rays I, II, ...... shown in the figure in our article, into consideration; but he did not consider those as i, that is reflected back inwards by any planes inside the medium.
In fact, we can show that, under the assumption of no absorption, the procedure he took, gives a smaller value than that for pile of plates. The diffence between both is negligible when the medium is very thin. However, when the medium is sufficiently thick the value, obtained by his method, gives only half of the true value.
In another article by the present author (Decrease of Radiation Intensity in the Diffusely Reflecting Medium) we showed Dietzius' relation for the scattering medium, which was obtained by solving Schuster's equation. In the present work, we have shown how Dietzius' relation corresponds to the pile of plates, and also have shown, it is much easier to solve the differential equation than to make calculations basing upon individual reflexion and transmission at each face within the medium. In the article cited above, through solving differential equations, we got already relations which hold for radiation in the medium, that has property of scattering as well as absorption.
Applying those results, we get for the total reflective power of the medium, K=R+(1-R)(1-R₁)β₀/1-R₁β₀ where and R. R' have same meaning as Pokrowski's. when _??_ is large enough, we have
The present author also suggests that, in treating the present problem, we have to consider in particular, not a surface, but a surface layer of some thickness, in which brightness is not expressed by scalar quantity, unless the initial incident rays are uniform for all directions. Backreturning rays, which arrive at the base of the surface layer from inside after they have travelled through the medium, may be considered perfectly diffuse, and may obey Lambert's law. Deviations from that law may be attributed to the nature of reflexion R o_??_ the surface layer. In other words, we may consider, as long as (1) the distribution of the particles in the surface layer, (2) the nature of incident light and (3) the reflective property of the particles, are quite unfavourable to give rise to regular reflexion in the surface layer, any reflected light from the substance, whose constituents are minute particles, obeys Lambert's law in approximate degree. On the other hand, according to this opinion by the author, there may be no surface in nature, which obeys Lambert's law strictly; and any effort to explain the law strictly theoretical way, by the irregular distribution of small mirror facets, will be unsuccessful.

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蒸汽罐、燃燒炉、内燃機関等の設計や研究に際しては燃料が燃えるには何程の空気を要するか、又燃えた結果何程のガスを発生するかを知る必要がある。これ等の量は燃料の元素分析結果を知れば便覽や教科書に出算式により正確に計算し得る。しかし燃料の元素分析は煩雜で熟練を要するため一般に廣く行なはれてをらず、且又蒸汽罐、就中石炭焚きの蒸汽罐の場合には燃料の種類が相當廣範囲に変化することが予想され、それ等の元素分析結果が設計の當初に全部判つことは殆ど考へられぬので、この方法は一般的には実行困難である。それ故燃料の簡單な特性からこれ等の量を算出する必要がある。従耒廣く一般に使はれのは燃料の低位発熱量から求めるRosinの算式であるが、これは全くの実驗式であり、且独逸資料に基づいたものである。併し飜つて考へるに、燃料の発熱量もガス量や空気量と同様に、周知の算式により燃料の元素分析結果から算出し得る。従て発熱量とガス量、空気量とは燃料の組成を媒介として互に関聯しのであつて、成分と発熱量及び成分とガス量空気量との関係式から、成分の項を消去しさへすれば、直ちに発熱量とガス量及び空気量との関係式が得られる筈である。以下はこの立場から、発熱量からガス量及び空気量を求める算式を理論的に導く方法を考へ(第2及び3節)、得た算式をRosinの実驗式と比較し(第4節)、木材、石炭及び重油に対する実測値と対比して確かめた(第5節)ものであつて、更に実際の使用の便宜のために計算図表(第9図)をも作製した。

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二次元問題に於て任意の質量力又は慣性力(以下総て質量力と称す)が作用し、平衡を保つ場合に就き論じ、直角座標、極座標各場合における應力函数を求め、該函数の充す可き基礎微分方程式を導き、且その應用に就て論じたものであるが第1報にては專ら基礎理論に就て述べる。

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内径及び壁の厚さが数回変つ導水管内の水槌作用に関しては、未だ充分に理論的研究がなされてるないやうである。著者等はこのやうな管における水槌作用を、管内の水柱を彈性棒と考へてそれの縦振動として取扱つてみた。更にその結果を用ひて、水槌波傳播速度を表はす近似式の檢討を行つた。

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The writer examined the pressure, specific gravity, pH., quantity of sugar and protain, the number of blood celles, leper bacilli, colloidal reaction and immune reaction of the cerebrospinal fluid in 31 leprous cases (lepra nodosa 20, lepra ner- vorum 11). The immune reaction was compared with that of the serum in the same patients. The following results were obtained.
(1) The pressure was 55-140mm. in a side position and 210-390 in sitting position, the specific gravity 1006-1010, pH 7, 6-8, 6. The above mentioned results were the same as those in normal conditions of healthy bodies, and there was no marked difference between lepra nodosa and nervorum.
(2) The quantity of sugar usually increased in all leper patients. The increase was more or less in correspondence with the seriousness of the disease. The content of sugar in leprous spinal fluid was 0, 089g/dl-0, 2g/dl in average 0, 122g/dl.
(3) The protain of leperous spinal fluids was more or less influenced by the condition and state of the disease of lepra nodosa and no increase was noticed in lepra nervorum.
(4) The number of blood cells in spinal fluids increased a little in serious cases of lepra nodosa. Leper bacilli could not be found even in one of 31 cases.
(5) The globrin reaction appeared positive in 48% and these were all serious lepra nodosa or nervorum with the complication of syphilis.
(6) Goldsole. reaction appeared in 16 cases positive (57%). Patients who had positive reaction of syphilis, globrin and leper were also found positive in the gold- sole reaction. An intensive positiveness of the goldsole reaction could not be found especially in lepers.
(7) In two cases of lepra nervorum in which the Murata's reaction with the spinal fluid was positive, there appeared negative reaction with the serum. The S. G. R. was positive and the W. R. positive in 19% with the spinal fluid. While syphilitic reactions were found positive with the spinal fluid, they were almost negative with the serum.
(8) An alcoholic extract of leprous nodules could also be used as an antigen in carrying out syphilitic and leprous reaction with the spinal fluid, the precipita- tion reaction positive in 19% and the binding reaction positive in 52%. A liquid emulsion of leprous nodules or tubercle bacilli was suitable as a pure antigen for leprous reactions with the spinal fluid. (32% positive in complement binding reac- tion). The positive cases of leprous reactions with the spinal fluid were also posi- tive with the serum.
(9) All positive reactions with leprous spinal fluids were generally weaker than those with the serum and positive cases of the spinal fluid were very fewer than those of the serum. We could not assume that antibodies could pass from the serum into the spinal fluid under an ordinary condition.
(10) It was very interesting to notice that in leprous reactions of the spinal fluid or serum an antigen from cultured nodules was more effective than that from excised leprous nodules. From cultured nodules numerous lever bacilli could be cultured successfully.

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We studied on the relationship between the yields and temperature from 1948 to 1952 obseved in the experiments of meteorological influences, as a step in estimating the barley and wheat yields in future.
Our studies are on the statistical consideration of the temperature at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. during years from 1925 to 1951 measured at the Yokohama meteorological Station, and the relationship between the yields and temperature observed at the Ofuna Experiment Station; and the relationship between the yields and the growing processes at the Ono Experiment Station.
The results are as fallows:
1) The crops proved to have negative relationship with the average monthly temperature from November to February; positive relationship with that from March to April; and almost perfect positive relationship with the comparative difference in the two average monthly temperatures.
So that increased yields in barley crops was the cold in the winter season and warmth in spring season and the large comparative difference in the two seasons.
2) The coefficient of variability in the temperature in the growing season of barley is larger than that in summer crop season.
It is very large from December to March, especially from January to February.
So we can prove the season for the larger variation in barley. yields and the effects of the temperature from December to March (especially January to February) on the variation.
3) The relationship is more intimate between the yields and the growing speed, the ratio of the growing quantity, ect, than between the yields and the data observed at specific periods, such as the length of plants, the weight of plant body above the ground, the weight of dried matter, the length of young heads, the number of stalks, etc.
The former relationship is more intimate in later stages than earlier stages in the growing season.
It has, therefore, a negative relationship with the “akiochi” tendency.
The same tendency is observed in the relationship between the yields and temperature: more intimate relationship is found between the yields and the comparative difference in two adjoining months or in several months, than between the yields and the observed data themselves.

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