スポーツの試合の放送中，試合に関する多くのコメントがXに投稿されている場合，これらの投稿を読むことで大まかな試合経過の把握が可能である．しかし，投稿の内容は多岐にわたり，これらの投稿から瞬時に試合経過を把握することは容易ではない．そこで，本論文ではサッカーの試合に着目し，試合経過を瞬時に把握できるように X への投稿からスポーツ速報を生成するシステムの構築に取り組む．構築するシステムは，大規模言語モデル T5 をベースに，特定の試合に関連する X への投稿を入力し，一定時間毎に速報，あるいは生成しないことを示す “NaN” を生成するモデルを基本とする．しかし，単純なモデルでは速報の生成数が少ないという問題と同じイベントを指す速報文が複数生成される冗長性の問題という二つの問題が生じる．そこで，生成判定器を利用して速報生成数を制御する機構および過去の速報の内容を考慮して冗長性軽減を行う機構を組み込んだモデルを提案する．

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Playing positions play an important role in football. Players are positioned closely during defense and widely during attack. Previous investigation has demonstrated that the surface area of the field players (SA) depends on the playing situation (PS), such as attack or defense. We hypothesize that SA is also related with the playing area (PA). The present investigation examined the influence of PS and PA on SA in a professional football match. We used 10 Hz GNSS units to monitor the ten field players in the first half of the ten official matches of second-division Japanese Professional Football League. PS was evaluated as attack or defense, while PA was divided into three areas based on the centroid position. The 2-way ANOVA test showed significant interaction of PS and PA with SA (p<0.001). The significant difference in SA between PS’s depended on PA and was limited to the first and second tertile from the players’ own goal area. Thus, the investigation suggests that SA depends not only on PS but also on PA.

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スポーツツーリズムにおいて，スポーツの観戦と街なかでの滞在の関係を定量的に把握することは重要である．本研究では，千葉県柏市を対象に，2 種類の携帯電話の位置情報を用いて，J リーグ観戦前後での滞在特性の分析を行った．滞在人口の集計値が把握できる携帯電話の位置情報の分析では，観客数がスタジアムの最寄り駅での滞在人口に正の影響を与えている結果が示された．また，スタジアムから駅までの距離が遠い場合に，最寄り駅での滞在人口が少なくなることが示された．個人の行動が把握できる携帯電話の位置情報の分析では，曜日や天気，気温，試合開始時刻などが J リーグ観戦前後の滞在時間に影響していることが示された．試合開始時刻が早い場合には，試合後の最寄り駅周辺での滞在時間が長いことが示された．

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors that make transitions efficient using the positional information of the players. The independent variable in this analysis was the positional data gathered from the Vector X7 system (10 Hz) during 20 official matches of the second division of the Japan Professional Soccer League for the 2022 season. The positional data included metrics such as team convex area, length, width, foremost position, rearmost position, rightmost position, and leftmost position. Statistical analysis revealed that the team convex area, foremost position, rearmost position, and width were significantly higher during successful transitions than failed transitions (p = 0.032, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.030, respectively). Conversely, the leftmost position was significantly lower during successful transitions than failed transitions (p = 0.012). Moreover, the results obtained from the decision tree analysis demonstrated that the rearmost team position emerged as the most influential factor determining the success or failure of transitions. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that the positional information of the players at the time of ball recovery is an explanatory factor for efficient transitions. The novel contribution of this study is that the factor that determines efficient transitions was found to be the rearmost position and the leftmost position of the team at the time of ball recovery.

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Japanese women’s soccer has performed well in international competitions. However, scientific data and literature on women’s soccer are still limited compared to men’s soccer. In this study, we used a heart rate monitor with built-in GPS to clarify the exercise intensity and running performance of college female soccer players during games, and to examine the relationship with game results. The purpose of this study was to obtain useful knowledge for coaches to improve their players’ competitive performance. The subjects were 28 women in the first division of the Kanto University Women’s Soccer League, and 16 official matches of the first division of the Kanto University Women’s Soccer League were used for the study. The maximum heart rate was 192.0±4.4 bpm, and the average heart rate was 169.2±14.6 bpm. The total distance run was 10.1±0.3 km and the total number of sprints was 17.2±3.6. When the relationship between game outcome and total distance run and total number of sprints was examined, the values for both items were significantly higher for wins than for losses. This is the first study in Japan to examine exercise intensity and running performance of Japanese collegiate women’s soccer players in an actual official game.

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In the field of sport philosophy, there is a concept of making a distinction regarding sport rules between constitutive rules and regulative rules. This distinction is borrowed from the categorization by Searle, J.R., known for his work in the philosophy of language. In most cases, however, these terms are not used in a consistent manner in discussions of sport philosophy. Scholars give different definitions to the same terms or create new terms or categories to meet their own needs.

While the categorical distinction has a certain significance, it represents only a part of the function of rules. The categorical distinction, therefore, does little to capture the relationship between the reality of games and rules.

Carlson and Gleaves suggest that the categories and terms should be transformed to contextual descriptions. They state that the “functions” of the terms used in previous studies should be re-described according to the various contexts. No matter how the rules are interpreted in the specific context of a game, however, it is difficult to address the shortcomings and inadequacies of rules that emerge in actual games. It may be necessary for sport philosophers to go beyond categorization and interpretation of the “existing” rules and go deeper into designing “optimal” rules in the future.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors influencing the success to receive and turn with the ball “between the lines” in football and to construct a regression equation to predict turn success probability. The sample consisted of 1,260 plays in which a pass was received “between the lines” at the 2018 FIFA World Cup held in Russia. The play data was collected using game performance analysis. In the statistical processing, the main factors influencing turn success probability in the “between the lines” of football were clarified using logistic regression analysis. The factors influencing the success probability of a turn were the presence or absence of visual exploratory activity, the type of pass, i.e., a grounder, a bound, or a lob, the receiver’s position, the distance from receiver to first defender at the moment of receiving the pass, the distance to the first midfielder, the distance from receiver to first defender at the moment of passer’s passing, the distance to the first midfielder, the pressing speed of the first defender, the pressing speed of the first midfielder, the pass distance, the pass angle, the pass speed, and the number of forward-looking players present between the lines. In addition, a regression equation was constructed to predict turn success probability by combining the odds ratios of the main factors. It was verified that the regression equation can be used to predict turn success probability in the “between the lines” with high accuracy (accuracy rate 77.1%). Future work includes using the regression equation to clarify the usefulness of turn success probability from comparative verification with the performance made after the turn.

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本研究では，中心市街地における J リーグ観戦者の観戦前後の回遊行動やその意識を把握することで，今後の J リーグを活かしたスポーツツーリズムへの知見を得ることを目的とし，千葉県柏市の J リーグ観戦者へのアンケート調査を行った．その結果，試合日では，駅からスタジアムまで直行し，試合後に直帰する人が多いことが示された．また，試合前の滞在時間に対し，満足度が影響していることが示された．滞在時間と消費金額とも相関があることも示された．アウェイサポーターの「周辺の観光情報の充実さ」や「スタジアムグルメの良さ」に対する満足度は低く，J リーグ開催日の全体の満足度に与える影響は大きい．アウェイ席でスタジアムグルメが購入できないことや，スタジアムと街なかとが一体となった観光情報を提供できていないことに課題がある．

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