The context in which domestic Japanese paper media are produced has changed significantly during the past decade. In response to changing market needs, environment-friendly trends, and advances in printing and analysis technology, paper media have made great progress. However, they are facing a significant turning point, due to the shrinking market for paper media and the transition to digital media. Chapter 2 describes the changes in paper media over the past decade from various points of view, including marketing, technology, and current trends. This chapter includes a history of the paper industry and R&D trends of the past ten years, as well as the latest developments in paper media, various printing technologies, and new analytical technologies. It aims to promote a proper understanding of paper media, while exploring the current market, new possibilities, and future predictions.