明治期のわが国の鉄道用橋梁として主力を占めたものは、プレートガーダー (鈑桁) であって、径間15ftから80ftに至る領域は、これが主力を占めており、早くから標準設計 (定規と称した) が確立していた。しかしながら、その中でも主力を占める官鉄に関するものはかなり詳細が解っていたが、それ以外の私設鉄道のものや、全部を通じての架設状況などは系統的な記録に乏しい。そこで、かなり現物が減少してきたとはいえまだそれが存在するうちに、実証的な裏付けをもとに一連の研究を行って行きたいと考えるもので、今回はその導入部とし概説を述べるものである。

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The purpose of paper is to analyze the history of parkways in U. S. A. between 1868-1930. The following four stages of its development have been clarified. First, in 1868, the first parkway was established at Brooklyn. The word of parkway was created as an American equivalent of “boulevard” in Europe. Second, between 1870-1890, parkways became essential stems of municipal park system, and it provided a new type of land subdivisions. Third, between 1890-1910, the concept of regional planning was emerged and “City Beautiful” became a nation-wide movement. Parkways were constructed as a symbol of civic center, also they connected outer open spaces and brought the unity to the city. Fourth, between 1910-1930, modern parkways for automobile use were established, and parkwaysb ecame stems of regional planning.

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