1. In this article, the author intended to divide the Genus
Cladium in a wide meaning into two natural groups,
Cladium sensu stricto and
Machaerina, by their morphological characters including the pollen grains.
2. In the former group, leaves are coriaceous, dorsiventrally flattened and always 3-ranked, and achenes are somewhat drupe-like and not crowned by distinct beak at apex, whereas the latter has bilaterally compressed or terete leaves usually 2-ranked and has achenes crowned by a distinct beak often scabrous at tip.
3. This division also very well agrees with the features of pollen grains, which are represented by 1-6-aperturate type in the former and polyforate type in the latter.
4. Concerning the generic name of the latter, Vahl's
Machaerina is legitimate.
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