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  • 渡邊 あや, 澤野 由紀子
    ロシア・ユーラシアの社会
    2021年 2021 巻 1059 号 10-22
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2023/03/08
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 東北地理
    1957年 10 巻 1 号 7-7,14
    発行日: 1957年
    公開日: 2010/10/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 百瀬 宏
    ソ連・東欧学会年報
    1977年 1977 巻 6 号 117-127
    発行日: 1977年
    公開日: 2010/03/16
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 三人の研究者によるカレワラ研究と「近親民族」思想の分析を通して
    石野 裕子
    国際政治
    2011年 2011 巻 165 号 165_156-170
    発行日: 2011/07/25
    公開日: 2013/08/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ideological background in the transition of “Greater Finland (Suur-Suomi)” idea by examining the interpretations of Finnish national epic, the Kalevala, focusing on three researchers: Kaarle Krohn, Jalmari Jaakkola and Martti Haavio.
    Today “Greater Finland” idea is often regarded as “expansionism”, but at first it was a sentiment only by Finnish intellectuals on Finnish “relative tribes”, mainly Karelians living in Russian Karelia adjacent to Finnish eastern border. This sentiment of Finnish “relative tribes”, however, was intended to unite Finnish and Karelians under Russian Empire rule. It was spread around Finnish people through diffusion of the Kalevala by a compiler Elias Lönrrot who gathered oral songs mainly from Karelians in Russian Karelia at the end of 19th century. This developed the theory that Karelians had kept Finnish national epic since ancient times.
    “Greater Finland” idea had been politicized when Russian Empire shifted policy from appeasement to deprivation of Finnish autonomy, called Russification policy at the end of 19th century. Resistance group, Aktivisti recognized Russian Karelia as a defense area against Russia, and also regarded it as a target of Finnish irredenta. This idea overlapped with independence of Finland after the outbreak of the First World War, which triggered the military action for gaining Russian Karelia just after Finish independence. Meanwhile, before and after the independence of Finland, Finnish folklorist Krohn claimed that Finland had culturally connected to Russian Karelia and Estonia in his studies.
    On the contrary, Finnish historian Jaakkola, who flourished between World Wars, denied the cultural relations between Finland and Estonia, and stressed the unity of Russian Karelia and Finland in ancient times instead. He also tried to place Finland as the European outpost against the attack of “barbarian Russia”. According to Jaakkola's opinion, heroes in the Kalevala were real people who expedited from Western Finland to Russian Karelia, and settled there. This interpretation had been a popular theory of Karelian origin until advocate of new theory in 1950's : Karelians and Finnish were different origins. His theory was made use of the military negotiation with Germany just before the outbreak of the second Soviet-Finnish War (19411944). Finnish government utilized Jaakkola's study for the justification of Russian Karelia's annexation.
    After the Second World War, Haavio claimed that Finland had come under the cultural influence of all over the world including Russia, and had had the cultural connection with Russia. Therefore the Kalevala had the nature of international epic. Now his Kalevala study was widely accepted among Finnish society which tried to build a new relationship with Soviet Union for promoting the area cooperation with Russian Karelia.
    It should be concluded, from what has been said above, that the concept of “Greater Finland” idea was changed from “Unity” to “Separation”, and furthermore to “Cooperation” in the transition of time.
  • M・I メリチュホーフ
    ロシア史研究
    2002年 70 巻 8-14
    発行日: 2002/05/25
    公開日: 2017/07/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 太田 明李, 長野 慎一, 伊藤 央二
    生涯スポーツ学研究
    2025年 21 巻 2 号 33-41
    発行日: 2025年
    公開日: 2025/06/18
    ジャーナル フリー

      Sport tourism, which combines sports and tourism, is expected to contribute to the development of local communities and economies, as well as the promotion of lifelong sports. Overseas, research on sport tourism has been systematically developed, with many studies conducting empirical analysis from the perspective of four types of sport tourism: participation event sport tourism, spectator event sport tourism, active sport tourism, and heritage sport tourism. In Japan, the government has primarily focused on both outdoor sport tourism and budo (martial arts) tourism. However, there is a growing need to explore and develop new types of sport tourism, such as spectator event sport tourism and heritage sport tourism, by utilizing the cultural and historical significance of stadiums and arenas. This highlights the importance of understanding and promoting diverse types of sport tourism to comprehensively advance the field within Japan. Despite this, research systematically examining the four types of sport tourism in Japan remains limited, and case studies focusing on sport tourism outside Japan are even rarer. To address this gap, this report aimed to examine sport tourism in Finland across the four types of sport tourism, based on a field trip conducted in Finland from August to September 2024. Our findings revealed that active sport tourism is the most prominent form of sport tourism in Finland, utilizing the country’s abundant natural resources and cultural heritage. Additionally, participation and spectator event sport tourism have experienced significant growth in recent years. Moreover, heritage sport tourism is actively promoted through the use of iconic venues such as the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. These findings indicate that Finland effectively leverages four types of sport tourism resources, offering valuable insights for sport tourism development in Japan.

  • フィンランドにおける二十世紀建築遺産保護に関する研究 その2
    堀内 絢子
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2009年 74 巻 646 号 2723-2730
    発行日: 2009/12/30
    公開日: 2010/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nowadays the suburbs built after the World War II is now considered as heritage. Tapiola garden city is a one of the pioneer of city suburbs in Finland. It is situated in Espoo, next to Helsinki. The garden city's construction was started from 1950s, and still it is growing. The whole area is regarded as National Built Environment and also National Landscape. Although the project of stretching metro from the centre of Helsinki is now ongoing. This paper concerns how Tapiola garden city manages between conservation and development, and also the system of inventory, evaluation and city plan.
  • 田中 佑実
    インターカルチュラル
    2023年 21 巻 176-191
    発行日: 2023/03/31
    公開日: 2023/05/02
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 冷戦とその後
    小泉 直美
    国際政治
    1992年 1992 巻 100 号 104-125,L12
    発行日: 1992/08/30
    公開日: 2010/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The East European countries waged the Cold War as members of the Eastern block. But they also waged the Cold War against the Soviet Union. The Purpose of this paper is to analyze the beginning and end of this Cold War of East Europe from the viewpoint of the Soviet perception.
    The Soviet rule over East Europe was the result of the Soviet threat perception, as well as the vacuume of power and Soviet capability to fill it up. In other words, the Soviets felt strong threat from the West and came to a conclusion that East Europe is a special and vital area for the Soviet national security through the experience over the Second World War. Then the end of this Cold War must be based upon the overcome of this perception by the new Russian leadership and the society. The paper will address to these processes.
    As for the beginning of the Cold War of East Europe, we are going to pay attention to the period from August 1939 to June 1941, namely from the conclusion the Soviet-German Non-Agression Pact to the start of the Soviet-German War. This is because we think that these years got a decisive meaning for the formation of the Soviet security perception after WWII.
    Then after fifty years, the time for change came with the Perestroika started by Gorbachev. The Soviet Union (then Russia) no longer has the capability to hold the East European nations as her protege nor alliance. Her threat perception is also being mitigated under the new post-Cold War situation in Europe. For all of this the paper will still give a suggestion for uncertainty over whether Russia has finally overcome her perception of vulneravility and of East Europe as her special zone.
  • 安藤 堯雄
    教育学研究
    1940年 8 巻 10 号 1079-1104
    発行日: 1940年
    公開日: 2009/01/13
    ジャーナル フリー
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